72,234 articles
Cryobiopsy
Cryobiopsy, or transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy, is a biopsy technique in which a cryoprobe freezes tissue to withdraw an intact specimen, with about 81% diagnostic yield for interstitial lung disease.
Cryofixation
Cryofixation is a sample-preparation method for electron microscopy that cools biological specimens within milliseconds, turning their water into amorphous vitreous ice that preserves near-native cellular structure.
Cryoglobulinemia
Cryoglobulinemia: serum immunoglobulins that precipitate below 37°C and redissolve on rewarming, classified as type I, II, or III (Brouet). Mostly HCV-related; causes purpura, neuropathy, glomerulonephritis; treated with antivirals, rituximab, plasma exchange.
Cryolipolysis
Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive cosmetic procedure that uses controlled cold to freeze and destroy fat cells, reducing localized fat deposits; its commercial form, CoolSculpting, received FDA clearance in 2010.
Cryonics
Cryonics: preserving legally dead humans or brains at cryogenic temperatures (liquid nitrogen, −196°C) hoping future medicine can revive them. Founded by Robert Ettinger (Prospect of Immortality, 1964); first patient James Bedford, 1967; Alcor and Cryonics Institute operate it; no revival demonstrated.
Cryopreservation
Cryopreservation (cryobanking) cools cells, tissues, or organs to very low temperatures, typically liquid nitrogen at −196°C, for future use. Two methods, slow freezing (~1°C/min) and ultra-rapid vitrification, preserve gametes, embryos, and stem cells; whole-organ cryopreservation remains experimental.
Cryosurgery
Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that destroys abnormal tissue by freezing it, used for skin lesions and cancers of the skin, prostate, kidney, and liver.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy (cryoablation, cryosurgery) is the medical use of extreme cold, typically liquid nitrogen at −196 °C, to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue such as warts, precancerous lesions, and some cancers; whole-body cryotherapy chambers lack proven benefit and FDA approval.
Cryotomography
Cryotomography, or cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), is an electron microscopy method that reconstructs 3D density maps of vitrified biological samples from projection images recorded at a series of tilt angles.
Cryoultramicrotomy
Cryoultramicrotomy is the technique of cutting ultrathin frozen sections with a diamond knife at low temperature, underpinning Tokuyasu immunolabeling and CEMOVIS cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections.
Cryphonectria parasitica
Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) is the Diaporthales fungus causing chestnut blight; native to East Asia, introduced to the USA in 1904 and Europe in 1938, controlled in Europe by CHV-1 hypovirulence.
Crypsis
Crypsis is the camouflage strategy that prevents detection rather than recognition, via background matching, disruptive coloration, countershading, and non-visual acoustic or olfactory concealment in prey and predators.
Crypthecodinium cohnii algal oil (DHASCO)
DHASCO is DHA-rich single-cell oil from the alga Crypthecodinium cohnii, blended with high oleic sunflower oil to 40-45% DHA with no EPA; GRAS (GRN 41, 2001) for infant formula, produced by Martek/DSM since 1994.
Cryptic pregnancy
Cryptic pregnancy, or pregnancy denial (déni de grossesse), is a pregnancy unrecognized by the woman until late gestation or labor; about 1 in 475 pregnancies at 20 weeks and 1 in 2455 at delivery, distinct from deliberate concealment.
Cryptobiosis
Cryptobiosis: a reversible ametabolic state defined by Keilin (1959), entered under desiccation, freezing, anoxia, or osmotic stress; seen in tardigrades, nematodes, rotifers, and small arthropods, enabling decade-scale survival and low Earth orbit exposure.
Cryptobranchus
Cryptobranchus (hellbenders) is a monotypic genus of giant salamanders, family Cryptobranchidae, from eastern US streams; its single species C. alleganiensis breathes through skin folds and is a declining, protected amphibian.
Cryptocarya
Cryptocarya R.Br. (synonym Ravensara) is a pantropical genus of about 250-364 evergreen laurel trees and shrubs in Lauraceae, recognized by fruit fully enclosed in the accrescent floral tube, rich in alkaloids and alpha-pyrones.
Cryptochrome
Cryptochromes are FAD-binding flavoprotein photoreceptors related to photolyase, absorbing UV-A/blue light. Named by Gressel in 1979, first cloned as Arabidopsis HY4 in 1993; they regulate plant development, circadian clocks, and proposed magnetoreception.
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, is an inhaled fungal infection of lungs and brain; leading HIV-associated killer, treated with amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole.
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus is a genus of basidiomycetous yeasts found in soil and trees, best known for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, which cause cryptococcosis in humans and animals.
Cryptococcus gattii
Cryptococcus gattii, formerly C. neoformans var. gattii, is a tree-associated yeast causing cryptococcosis in immunocompetent hosts; genotypes VGI–VGIV, Vancouver Island 1999 outbreak, WHO medium priority.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast found worldwide in soil and bird droppings that causes cryptococcosis, including cryptococcal meningitis, mostly in people with weakened immune systems.
Cryptogenic late-onset epileptic spasms
Cryptogenic late-onset epileptic spasms (ORPHA:163708, late-onset infantile spasms) is a rare epilepsy syndrome with spasms after age 1 year in clusters, tonic seizures, atypical absences, cognitive deterioration, and temporal/temporofrontal EEG focus without hypsarrhythmia.
Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis
CMUSE (cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis), related to CNSU and CEAS, is an extremely rare small bowel disease causing multiple shallow ulcers and fibrous strictures, obstruction, and anemia; treated with steroids, often misdiagnosed as Crohn's disease.
Cryptomeria
Cryptomeria, known as Japanese cedar or sugi (スギ), is a monotypic genus of evergreen conifers native to Japan and China and Japan's most widely planted timber tree.
Cryptomys
Cryptomys is a genus of African mole-rats (Bathyergidae) established by Gray in 1864, restricted to southern Africa after the northern species were moved to Fukomys in 2006; five species are currently recognized.
Cryptophagidae
Cryptophagidae, the silken fungus beetles (Kirby, 1826), a Cucujoidea beetle family with subfamilies Cryptophaginae and Atomariinae; tiny 0.8-5.2 mm hairy fungus feeders in moist habitats and moldy stored products.
Cryptoprocta bevatabe
Cryptoprocta bevatabe (enormous fossa) is an extinct giant Malagasy euplerid carnivore described in 2026 from a partial humerus at Mitoho, Tsimanampesotse National Park; at roughly 29 kg or more it is the largest known Cryptoprocta species, distinct from C. ferox and C. spelea.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testicle, is the most common male genital abnormality at birth, affecting roughly 3% of full-term and 30% of premature male infants.
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis, caused by Cryptosporidium parasites (C. parvum, C. hominis), is a diarrheal disease and the leading US waterborne illness; chlorine-resistant oocysts, nitazoxanide treatment.