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Entamoeba invadens
Entamoeba invadens is a reptilian parasitic ameba, pathogenic in snakes and turtles, and the standard laboratory model for Entamoeba encystation because E. histolytica cannot be induced to encyst in vitro; its ~41 Mb genome encodes 11,549 genes, and phospholipase D signaling regulates cyst formation.
Entandrophragma
Entandrophragma (African mahogany genus, Meliaceae), proposed by Casimir de Candolle in 1894, comprises about 10-12 large timber tree species exclusively native to tropical and southern Africa, traded as sapelli, sipo, kosipo, and tiama.
Entandrophragma cylindricum
Entandrophragma cylindricum, sapele or sapelli, is an African Meliaceae timber tree from Sierra Leone to Uganda; about 1.3 million m³ of logs are harvested yearly and the species is IUCN Vulnerable.
Entangled Life
Entangled Life (2020) is Merlin Sheldrake's debut popular-science book on fungi, mycelium, and mycorrhizal networks; a million-copy bestseller that won the 2021 Royal Society Science Book Prize and Wainwright Prize.
Entecavir anhydrous
Entecavir anhydrous (C12H15N5O3, MW 277.28) is the water-free form of entecavir (Baraclude), a guanosine nucleoside analogue HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitor first FDA-approved March 29, 2005, dosed 0.5 or 1 mg daily for chronic hepatitis B.
Enteric anendocrinosis
Enteric anendocrinosis, or congenital malabsorptive diarrhea (OMIM 610370), is an extremely rare autosomal recessive NEUROG3 disorder causing absent intestinal enteroendocrine cells, neonatal osmotic diarrhea requiring parenteral nutrition, and variable diabetes.
Enteric coating
Enteric coating: pH-sensitive polymer film on oral dosage forms that blocks gastric release and releases drug in the intestine; polymers, compendial tests, bioequivalence, and limits.
Enteric fermentation
Enteric fermentation: microbial digestion in ruminant guts (cattle, sheep, goats) that produces methane via hydrogenotrophic archaea in the rumen; causes 2–12% feed energy loss, ~6% of global GHG emissions, measured by chambers and SF6, mitigated by 3-NOP and Asparagopsis seaweed.
Enteric fever
Enteric fever, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, is a systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi infection spread fecal-orally, causing prolonged fever; 14.3 million cases and 135,900 deaths in 2017.
Enteric nervous system
Enteric nervous system (ENS), the gut's "second brain": intrinsic network of over 500 million neurons and glia in the gastrointestinal wall, forming myenteric and submucosal plexuses, controlling motility and secretion autonomously of the CNS.
Enteric neuron
Enteric neuron, a neuron of the enteric nervous system ("second brain"), located in myenteric and submucosal plexuses; sensory, interneuron, motor, and secretomotor types operating largely independently of the CNS.
Enteritis
Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine, also called gastroenteritis or enterocolitis. Usually infectious from contaminated food or water; also caused by Crohn disease, NSAIDs, radiation. Symptoms resolve in days in healthy people; rehydration is key.
Enterobacter
Enterobacter: genus of Gram-negative, motile Enterobacteriaceae; clinical isolates mostly the E. cloacae complex (E. cloacae, E. hormaechei); nosocomial pathogen with inducible AmpC beta-lactamases, ESBLs, carbapenemases, and notable colistin resistance.
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter aerogenes, historically Aerobacter aerogenes and formally renamed Klebsiella aerogenes in 2017, is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium found in the human gut that causes hospital-acquired urinary, respiratory, wound, and bloodstream infections.
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter cloacae, formerly Pseudomonas dissolvens, is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped gut bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family and an important cause of hospital-acquired infections, prone to antibiotic resistance emerging during therapy.
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria) is a family of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods in the order Enterobacterales, Gammaproteobacteria; narrowed in 2016 into a seven-family division, it retains most human pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella.
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells are histamine-secreting neuroendocrine cells of the gastric fundus that stimulate parietal cell acid release in response to gastrin; chronic hypergastrinemia drives their hyperplasia and most gastric neuroendocrine tumors.
Enterococcaceae
Enterococcaceae (Ludwig et al. 2010) is a family of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria in Lactobacillales, Bacillota, with seven genera including Enterococcus, Tetragenococcus, and Vagococcus; gut commensals, food fermenters, and drug-resistant hospital pathogens.
Enterococcus
Enterococcus, a genus of Gram-positive gut commensal bacteria (over 40 species; formerly Group D Streptococcus), whose E. faecalis and E. faecium emerged in the 1970s as leading multidrug-resistant, vancomycin-resistant hospital pathogens.
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis, formerly Streptococcus faecalis, is a gram-positive intestinal commensal bacterium and the leading enterococcal cause of human infections, including endocarditis and UTIs, with biofilm formation and lower vancomycin resistance than E. faecium.
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecium (formerly Streptococcus faecium), gram-positive intestinal commensal and leading hospital pathogen; vancomycin-resistant strains (VREfm, vanA/vanB) are a WHO high-priority AMR threat.
Enterococcus hirae
Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae) is a gut-associated Enterococcus species described by Farrow and Collins in 1985, type strain NCDO 1258, distinct from E. faecium; predominant in cattle, rare in humans, tetracycline-resistant.
Enterocyte
An enterocyte is the absorptive epithelial cell that lines the intestinal mucosa, whose microvilli form the brush border; enterocytes make up more than 80% of small intestinal epithelial cells.
Enterocytozoon
Enterocytozoon, a genus of microsporidian fungi; type species Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the leading cause of human microsporidiosis and an AIDS-associated diarrheal pathogen; E. hepatopenaei retards shrimp growth in aquaculture.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the leading microsporidian parasite causing human microsporidiosis and diarrhea, first identified in AIDS patients in 1985; zoonotic, with over 500 ITS genotypes in humans, mammals, birds, and water.
Enteroendocrine cell
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are hormone-secreting epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas; under 1% of gut epithelium, they form the body's largest endocrine organ and drive gut-brain signaling.
Enteroglial cell
Enteroglial cell (enteric glial cell, enteric glia): glial cell of the gut's enteric nervous system; ensheaths multiaxonal bundles, expresses GFAP and S100β, outnumbers enteric neurons 4-fold in mice and 6-fold in humans, and drives reactive gliosis in IBD and IBS.
Enterography
Enterography is a radiological technique in which the small bowel is imaged by CT or MRI after the patient drinks a large volume of contrast, chiefly to diagnose and monitor Crohn's disease.
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection, also called STEC or VTEC infection, is a foodborne illness from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, mainly O157:H7, causing bloody diarrhea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome, transmitted via undercooked beef, raw milk, and contaminated produce.
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) infection, ICD-11 1A03.2 / ICD-10 A04.2, is a Shigella-like invasive colonic E. coli pathotype causing watery diarrhea, sometimes dysentery, transmitted fecal-orally.