Life and health

Glenn C Turner

Glenn C Turner, also known as Glenn Cameron Turner, is a neuroscientist and Group Leader at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus who studies how the fruit fly brain forms Pavlovian associations.

Glenn D. Braunstein

Glenn D. Braunstein is an American endocrinologist whose hCG assay became the basis of the modern pregnancy test; he chaired medicine at Cedars-Sinai from 1986 to 2012.

Glenn D. Prestwich

Glenn D. Prestwich (born 1948) is an American organic chemist, emeritus professor of medicinal chemistry at the University of Utah, known for hyaluronic acid biomaterials and lipid signaling probes.

Glenn D. Steele Jr.

Glenn D. Steele Jr. is an American surgical oncologist and health-system executive who led Geisinger Health System in Pennsylvania from 2001 to 2015, pioneering value-based care.

Glenn Dranoff is a physician-scientist and cancer immunologist known for GM-CSF-secreting therapeutic cancer vaccines, a professor at Dana-Farber and Harvard who led Novartis immuno-oncology research from 2015 to 2023.

Glenn F. Pierce

Glenn F. Pierce is an American hematologist and physician-researcher, born with severe hemophilia A and cured in 2008, who helped develop six hemophilia therapies and led Biogen's hemophilia program.

Glenn M. Chertow

Glenn M. Chertow is an American nephrologist, chief of the Division of Nephrology at Stanford, and an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine.

Glenn Merlino

Glenn Merlino is an American cancer biologist who spent 1980 to 2024 at the National Cancer Institute, building the first human-like mouse model of melanoma and studying HGF/MET signaling.

Glenn N. Levine

Glenn N. Levine is an American cardiologist, Master Clinician and Professor of Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, known for chairing ACC/AHA guidelines on coronary intervention and antiplatelet therapy.

Glenn W. Burton

Glenn W. Burton (1910–2005) was an American plant geneticist who spent 61 years at Tifton, Georgia, breeding Coastal bermudagrass and pearl millet hybrids that transformed forage production.

Glenn Wade Salisbury

Glenn Wade Salisbury (1910–1994) was an American animal reproductive biologist at Cornell and the University of Illinois whose egg yolk-citrate diluent made cattle artificial insemination a worldwide industry.

Glenoid labrum

Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous rim around the shoulder's glenoid socket, deepening it up to 50% and anchoring biceps tendon and stabilizing ligaments; tears include SLAP, Bankart, and posterior labral lesions.

Sep 29, 2026

Glenoid reconstruction

Glenoid reconstruction is a family of shoulder operations that restores the anteroinferior glenoid rim with a coracoid transfer or bone graft, such as the Latarjet procedure, to stabilize recurrent anterior instability.

Glepaglutide

Glepaglutide (ZP1848, brand Zeydovio) is Zealand Pharma's long-acting GLP-2 analogue for short bowel syndrome, given 10 mg subcutaneously once or twice weekly; EASE-1 cut parenteral support 5.13 L/week, with a CHMP positive opinion in 2026.

GLI1

GLI1 (GLI family zinc finger 1, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1) is a human 12q13.3 gene encoding a zinc finger transcription factor, the terminal activator of Hedgehog signaling, identified in 1987 in glioblastoma and overexpressed in basal cell carcinoma and other cancers.

GLI2

GLI2 (GLI family zinc finger 2, Gene ID 2736, 2q14.2) is a human C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, the main activator effector of Sonic hedgehog signaling, linked to holoprosencephaly 9, Pallister-Hall syndrome, polydactyly, and cancer.

GLI3

GLI3 (GLI family zinc finger 3) is a zinc-finger transcription factor gene on 7p14.1 mediating Sonic hedgehog signaling as both activator and repressor; mutations cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly and Pallister-Hall syndromes.

Glia

Glia (neuroglia) are the non-neuronal cells of the nervous system: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells. Named by Virchow (1856), they myelinate axons, form the blood-brain barrier, and outnumber neurons only about 1:1.

Glia maturation factor

Glia maturation factor (GMF; GMFB, GMFG) is a ~17 kDa ADF-H family protein, conserved from yeast to mammals, that binds the Arp2/3 complex rather than actin, stimulating actin filament debranching and inhibiting nucleation, with roles in neuroinflammation and hematopoiesis.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) is a 134-amino-acid TGF-beta superfamily member, discovered in 1993, that signals via GFRalpha1 and RET, supports dopaminergic neurons and kidney development, and failed placebo-controlled Parkinson disease trials.

Glibenclamide

Glibenclamide (glyburide), a second-generation sulfonylurea introduced in 1969, lowers glucose by closing beta-cell KATP channels; used in type 2 diabetes, MODY, and high-dose neonatal diabetes, with notable hypoglycemia risk and placental transfer.

Glibornuride

Glibornuride (Glutril, Ro 6-4563) is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug, ATC A10BB04, formula C18H26N2O4S, MW 366.5, introduced 1969; it blocks SUR1 K(ATP) channels on pancreatic beta cells to stimulate insulin secretion.

Gliclazide

Gliclazide (Diamicron, Diamicron MR) is an oral sulfonylurea for type 2 diabetes that stimulates pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion. WHO essential medicine since 2013; lower hypoglycemia risk than other sulfonylureas; no dedicated cardiovascular outcome trial.

Glimepiride

Glimepiride is a third-generation sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug, U.S. approved 1995, for type 2 diabetes as adjunct to diet and exercise; dosed 1-8 mg daily, limited by hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Glioblast (sensu Vertebrata)

Glioblast (sensu Vertebrata), Cell Ontology term CL:0000339 and ZFIN ZFA:0009169, is a vertebrate neuroectoderm-derived precursor cell that differentiates into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes; distinct from glioblastoma and from the invertebrate glioblast.

Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM, glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV astrocytoma): the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor, a fast-growing glial CNS neoplasm treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide; median survival about 15 months.

Gliocladium

Gliocladium (Corda 1840) is an asexual fungal genus in Hypocreaceae with penicillate conidiophores and slimy conidial heads. Former species were split into Clonostachys, Trichoderma, and others; several species are biocontrol agents producing gliotoxin.

Glioma

Glioma: tumors of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord; main types astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma. Classified by WHO CNS5 (2021) using IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion; treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and new IDH inhibitors.

Gliomas of brain

Gliomas of brain: tumors arising from glial or precursor cells of the CNS, also called glial tumors. Classified by 2021 WHO into adult-type diffuse gliomas (astrocytoma IDH-mutant, oligodendroglioma 1p/19q-codeleted, glioblastoma IDH-wildtype) and pediatric, circumscribed, and other groups; graded I to IV.