2,436 articles
Flandres Bay
Flandres Bay (Baie des Flandres), a glacial bay between Cape Renard and Cape Willems on the Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula; charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition in February 1898, 16 km deep, poorly charted, marine-only tourist site.
Flathead Lake
Flathead Lake: largest natural freshwater lake by surface area in the western US outside Alaska, in northwest Montana; 27.3 mi long, 370.7 ft deep, remnant of Glacial Lake Missoula, monitored by FLBS since 1899.
Flemish Cap
The Flemish Cap is an underwater plateau in the northwest Atlantic east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, separated by the deep Flemish Pass and managed by NAFO as Division 3M.
Flint River
Flint River (Georgia), also called Thronateeska or Rio de Capachequi, is an unimpeded 200-plus-mile Georgia river rising near Hartsfield-Jackson airport, joining the Chattahoochee at Lake Seminole, central to the ACF water war.
Floating treatment wetland
A floating treatment wetland is a buoyant, vegetated system in which plants on a floating frame remove nutrients and pollutants from ponds, lakes, and reservoirs.
Flood hazard
Flood hazard: the physical flood event or condition (depth, velocity, extent, probability, return periods such as 100-year floods), distinct from flood risk, which adds exposure and vulnerability; quantified via exceedance probability functions and hazard maps.
Flood Plain Lower Ringarooma River
Flood Plain Lower Ringarooma River, Ramsar Site no. 257, is a 3,534-hectare Tasmanian wetland designated in 1982, meeting Ramsar criteria 1-4 with six threatened species and 11 migratory bird species.
Floodplain
Floodplain: flat low-lying land bordering a river, also called flood plain, inundated during floods and built of flood deposits. Defined by 100-year (1% annual chance) flood zones, floodways, hydrologic connectivity, and levee-altered management.
Floods in India
Floods in India: the country's most destructive natural disaster, affecting over 2% of land yearly at USD 7 billion average loss; riverine, flash, glacial-lake, and urban floods with forecasting by CWC and IMD.
Flores Sea
Flores Sea (Laut Flores), Indonesian marginal sea between southern Sulawesi and Flores, Komodo, and Sumbawa; IHO East Indian Archipelago area of about 102,816 km², Flores Basin to 5,140 m, key Indonesian Throughflow pathway.
Flotta oil terminal
The Flotta oil terminal is a crude oil terminal on the island of Flotta in Orkney, Scotland, receiving North Sea oil by pipeline since 1977.
Flowing water
Flowing water (lotic systems): water moving continuously in one direction in springs, streams, and rivers, with high dissolved oxygen, current-shaped habitats, hydrologic exchange flows, and human impacts from dams and barriers.
Fly (landform)
Fly (landform): the Fly River, Papua New Guinea's longest river, with Ok Tedi and Strickland tributaries, a tide-dominated delta, and Ok Tedi mine impacts.
Fly Geyser
Fly Geyser (Fly Ranch Geyser) is a small, constantly erupting geothermal geyser on private Fly Ranch in Washoe County, Nevada, about 20 miles north of Gerlach, created accidentally by a 1964 geothermal test well and now owned by the Burning Man Project.
Ford (crossing)
Ford (river crossing): a shallow place in a river crossed by wading, riding or driving; also called a wet crossing. Oldest crossing type, source of place-names like Oxford, cheaper but flood-prone compared with bridges and ferries.
Forggensee
Forggensee is a reservoir in the Lech valley near Füssen in Bavaria, formed by the Roßhaupten dam in 1954 and the largest reservoir in Germany.
Foster, Port
Port Foster is the sea-flooded volcanic caldera forming the landlocked harbor of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, entered through Neptune's Bellows; about 6 × 10 km, up to 190 m deep, named for Capt. Henry Foster (1829).
Foul Bay (Red Sea)
Foul Bay (Acathartos Kolpos, Sinus Immundus) is a reef-fringed bay on Egypt's western Red Sea coast, running over 90 km from Berenice to the Sudanese border.
Foxe Basin
Foxe Basin: shallow Arctic inland sea in Nunavut, Canada, north of Hudson Bay between Baffin Island and Melville Peninsula; ~207,500 km², first-year ice most of the year, named for Luke Foxe (1631).
Fram Strait
Fram Strait, between Greenland and Svalbard, is the deepest Arctic Ocean–Nordic Seas gateway. West Spitsbergen Current carries ~5 Sv of Atlantic Water north; East Greenland Current exports ice, nearly 90% of Arctic sea ice export.
Franklin Bay
Franklin Bay, a V-shaped bay of the southeastern Beaufort Sea in the Northwest Territories between Cape Bathurst and Cape Parry; also Lady Franklin Bay on Ellesmere Island, site of the Greely expedition.
Franklin's lost expedition
Franklin's lost expedition: Sir John Franklin's 1845 voyage in HMS Erebus and HMS Terror to find the Northwest Passage; all 129 crew died after the ships were beset in ice, and the wrecks were found in 2014 and 2016 with Inuit knowledge.
Fraser
Fraser most often means the Fraser River, British Columbia's longest river (1,375 km), an undammed main-stem salmon river named for explorer Simon Fraser, site of the 1858 gold rush.
Fraser River
Fraser River: longest river in British Columbia (1,375 km), undammed main stem, draining a quarter of the province to the Strait of Georgia; famed for salmon, Simon Fraser's 1808 descent, and the Port of Vancouver.
French Frigate Shoals
French Frigate Shoals (Lalo) is an open atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands within Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, hosting about 96% of Hawaiian green sea turtle nesting and the largest historic Hawaiian monk seal subpopulation.
Fresh water
Fresh water: water with under 1,000 ppm dissolved salts (USGS; WHO <1,000 mg/L TDS), 2.5% of Earth's water, mostly in ice (68.7%) and groundwater (30.1%); renewed by ~43,000 km³/yr, ~70% withdrawn by agriculture.
Freshwater, Isle of Wight
Freshwater is a village and parish on the west coast of the Isle of Wight, England, known for Freshwater Bay's shingle beach beneath chalk cliffs, the Stag and Mermaid rock stacks, Tennyson's Farringford, Julia Margaret Cameron's Dimbola, and walks to Tennyson Down and the Needles.
Fridtjof Sound
Fridtjof Sound, also Frithiofs Sund, is a 6-mile-long north-south Antarctic sound separating Tabarin Peninsula from Andersson and Jonassen Islands, charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition in 1902 and named after the relief ship Fridtjof.
Frobisher Bay
Frobisher Bay is a large, fjord-like inlet on the southeast coast of Baffin Island, Canada. Its funnel shape concentrates some of the largest tides in the country.
Fury and Hecla Strait
Fury and Hecla Strait is a narrow Arctic channel in Nunavut, Canada, between Baffin Island and the Melville Peninsula that connects Foxe Basin with the Gulf of Boothia.