9,901 articles
Convention of Peking (北京条约)
Convention of Peking (北京条约): three 1860 unequal treaties Qing China signed with Britain, France, and Russia ending the Second Opium War; ceded Kowloon south of Boundary Street and about 400,000 km² east of the Ussuri, opened Tianjin, and ratified the Treaties of Tientsin.
Convention on Cluster Munitions
The Convention on Cluster Munitions, also called the cluster bomb treaty, is a 2008 treaty banning cluster munitions that took effect in 2010 with 112 States Parties.
Convention on Cybercrime
Budapest Convention (Convention on Cybercrime, ETS No. 185), Council of Europe treaty opened for signature 23 November 2001, in force 1 July 2004; 83 Parties; first binding international cybercrime treaty with two additional protocols.
Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters
MAAC: joint OECD/Council of Europe multilateral tax treaty signed 1988 (Strasbourg), in force 1995, amended 2010; over 150 jurisdictions exchange tax information, recover claims, and serve documents.
Convention on Special Missions
The Convention on Special Missions, often called the New York Convention, is a 1969 UN treaty extending diplomatic-style privileges and immunities to temporary missions sent between states for specific tasks.
Convention on the Continental Shelf
The 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf (Convention sur le plateau continental) grants coastal states sovereign seabed-resource rights to 200 m depth or exploitability; adopted 29 April 1958, in force 1964, superseded largely by UNCLOS 1982.
Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations 1980
Rome Convention (1980), Convention 80/934/EEC, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980 and in force 1 April 1991, set uniform EU conflict-of-laws rules for contract governing law via party choice and closest connection, and was replaced by the Rome I Regulation except for Denmark.
Convention on the Nationality of Married Women
Convention on the Nationality of Married Women: a 1957 UN multilateral treaty (New York, 20 February 1957) under which marriage or a husband's change of nationality cannot automatically alter a wife's nationality; adopted by GA resolution 1040 (XI), in force 11 August 1958, UNTS vol. 309.
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
UN treaty, adopted as resolution 2391 (XXIII), barring statutes of limitations for war crimes and crimes against humanity; adopted 26 November 1968, in force 11 November 1970, 56 parties.
Convention on the Recovery Abroad of Maintenance
The Convention on the Recovery Abroad of Maintenance, done at New York 20 June 1956, is a UN multilateral treaty helping claimants recover maintenance from respondents abroad via Transmitting and Receiving Agencies; in force 25 May 1957, 64 parties.
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, concluded at New York 30 August 1961, a UN multilateral treaty obliging states to prevent statelessness at birth and restrict deprivation of nationality; entered into force 13 December 1975; 82 parties.
Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities
CRAMRA (Wellington Convention), adopted 2 June 1988, was an Antarctic Treaty minerals regime for prospecting, exploration, and development. Signed by 19 states, ratified by none; Australia and France's 1989 refusal led to the 1991 Madrid Protocol mining ban.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is the UN human rights treaty adopted 13 December 2006, in force 3 May 2008, reframing disability as a barrier-interaction social model; 194 States Parties, monitored by the CRPD Committee and Optional Protocol procedures.
Convention on the Rights of the Child
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is the 1989 UN human rights treaty defining rights of everyone under 18; adopted 20 November 1989, in force 2 September 1990, with 196 states parties and the United States the only UN member state that has signed but not ratified.
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons
Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons (ETS No. 112), 1983 Council of Europe treaty letting foreign prisoners serve sentences in their home country; six transfer conditions, consent-based, EU-replaced by Framework Decision 2008/909 since 2011.
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, with its 1967 Protocol, defines the refugee in Article 1 and anchors non-refoulement under Article 33; 146 states are party to the Convention and 147 to the Protocol.
Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
The Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954 Statelessness Convention) is a UN treaty adopted 28 September 1954, in force 6 June 1960, with 99 parties; it defines stateless persons and sets minimum treatment standards.
Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution
The Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution, or Article V convention, is a gathering of state delegates that Congress must call when 34 states apply.
Conversion (law)
Conversion (law): intentional tort of wrongfully exercising dominion over another's chattel, also called trover historically. Remedy is return or fair market value damages; English law limits it to tangible property, excluding Bitcoin.
Conveyancing
Conveyancing is the legal transfer of property ownership, covering contract drafting, searches, exchange of contracts, and completion, performed by solicitors or licensed conveyancers in England and Wales.
Convicts in Australia
Convicts in Australia, also known as penal transportation to Australia, saw over 162,000 convicts sent from Britain and Ireland between 1788 and 1868; their labor built the colonies.
Coogan's Bluff (film)
Coogan's Bluff is a 1968 Don Siegel action thriller starring Clint Eastwood as an Arizona deputy extraditing a murderer in New York; first Siegel-Eastwood film and Dirty Harry forerunner.
Cop Land
Cop Land is James Mangold's 1997 crime drama starring Sylvester Stallone as a New Jersey sheriff amid corrupt NYPD officers, with Keitel, De Niro, and Liotta; released August 15, 1997, grossing $44.9 million domestically.
Copycat crime
Copycat crime: crime inspired by a publicized or fictionalized prior crime, also called the contagion effect or imitation. Defined by a crime dyad, studied via self-report prevalence (about 1 in 4) and scoring methods; media mainly shape crime techniques.
Copyright
Copyright is automatic intellectual-property protection for original works of authorship fixed in tangible form, covering rights to reproduce, distribute, adapt, perform, and display, with duration, fair use, Berne Convention harmonization, and AI-era disputes defining it.
Copyright Act (Ghana)
The Copyright Act, 2005 (Act 690) is the principal statute governing copyright and related rights in Ghana. Enacted in 2005, it replaced the 1985 law and protects folklore.
Copyright Act of 1976
The Copyright Act of 1976 (Pub. L. 94-553), signed October 19, 1976, effective January 1, 1978, is the comprehensive U.S. copyright statute replacing the 1909 Act: fixation-based protection, life-plus-50 (now 70) terms, codified fair use, and termination rights.
Copyright infringement
Copyright infringement is the unauthorized exercise of exclusive rights in a copyrighted work, actionable civilly under 17 U.S.C. § 501 with statutory damages to $150,000 per work, or criminally under § 506, and shaped by fair use, secondary liability, and the 2026 Cox v. Sony ruling.
Copyright law of Australia
Copyright law of Australia: the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), administered by the Attorney-General's Department, grants automatic, unregistered rights, uses fair dealing exceptions rather than fair use, and was amended by the Copyright Amendment Act 2026 adding Australia's first orphan works scheme; no text and data mining exception for AI exists.
Copyright law of Chile
Copyright law of Chile: Ley 17.336 on Intellectual Property (1970), the special statute governing author's rights and related rights. Covers moral and patrimonial rights, amendments through Law 20.435 (2010), the DDI registry, collective management societies, and pending digital-era reform bills.