9,901 articles
Copyright law of India
Copyright law of India: the Copyright Act, 1957 (प्रतिलिप्यधिकार अधिनियम), in force 21 January 1958 under DPIIT; life-plus-60-year term, Section 52 fair dealing, voluntary registration, 2012 digital amendments, Berne/TRIPS/WCT/WPPT membership.
Copyright law of Japan
Copyright law of Japan (著作権法), Law No. 48 of 1970: automatic moral and economic rights, life-plus-70-year term, enumerated exceptions without general fair use, Article 30-4 AI/data exception, and 2023 adjudication amendment.
Copyright law of the United Kingdom
Copyright law of the United Kingdom: automatic, unregistered protection under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, with economic and moral rights, a closed list of fair-dealing exceptions including non-commercial TDM, and unsettled AI-training reform following the 2024-2025 consultation.
Copyright law of the United States
U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code) protects original works of authorship fixed in tangible form, granting exclusive rights for limited times; current terms are life+70 years, or 95/120 years for works made for hire.
Copyright misuse
Copyright misuse is an equitable defense in US copyright infringement cases, first recognized by a federal appeals court in Lasercomb America, Inc. v. Reynolds in 1990.
Copyright symbol
Copyright symbol (©), the letter C in a circle, marks copyright notices with owner name and first publication year; ℗ covers sound recordings. Optional in the US since March 1, 1989 under Berne, but bars innocent-infringement defenses.
Copyright Term Extension Act
The Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono CTEA, Pub. L. 105-298) is the 1998 US law extending copyright 20 years to life plus 70 years (95 years for works for hire and pre-1978 works), upheld in Eldred v. Ashcroft.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (1988 c. 48), the principal UK statute on copyright, performers' rights, and unregistered design right; royal assent 15 November 1988, in force 1 August 1989, frequently amended.
Corby toxic waste case
Corby toxic waste case: English group litigation in which Corby Borough Council, also called Corby District Council, was found liable in 2009 for birth defects linked to dust from reclamation of the former British Steel steelworks, settled in 2010.
CoreCivic
CoreCivic (NYSE: CXW), formerly Corrections Corporation of America, is a Brentwood, Tennessee-based for-profit operator of correctional, ICE immigration detention, and residential reentry facilities, the largest US private prison owner, with $2.2 billion 2025 revenue.
Corey Johnson (murderer)
Corey Johnson, aka Cory Johnson, O, CO, American federal death-row prisoner executed January 14, 2021 for seven 1992 crack-related murders in a Richmond, Virginia drug-trafficking conspiracy with Tipton and Roane.
Corey L. Maze
Corey L. Maze, also known as Corey Landon Maze, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Northern District of Alabama since 2019.
Corfu Channel case
Corfu Channel case (UK v. Albania), the ICJ's first contentious case: 1946 mine damage to British destroyers, Albania held responsible, innocent passage affirmed, minesweeping ruled a sovereignty violation, £844,000 awarded.
Cori Mills
Cori Mills is an American attorney and Republican who became acting Attorney General of Alaska in May 2026, having served as deputy attorney general overseeing the Civil Division since 2021.
Corleone family
Fictional New York Mafia family from Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather and Coppola's 1972–1990 film trilogy, led by Don Vito and Michael Corleone; one of five Families, distinct from real initiation-based Mafia families.
Corleone Mafia family
The Corleone Mafia family (Corleonesi) is a Cosa Nostra faction from Corleone, Sicily, led by Leggio, Riina, and Provenzano. It won the 1981–83 Second Mafia War against the Palermo families and ruled Cosa Nostra as a dictatorship until the arrests of Riina (1993) and Provenzano (2006).
Cormac J. Carney
Cormac J. Carney is an American jurist who served as a judge for the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, retiring on May 31, 2024.
Cornelia Sorabji
Cornelia Sorabji (1866-1954), Indian lawyer and social reformer: first woman to study law at Oxford and first woman to practise law in India; Oxford BCL 1892, Court of Wards adviser from 1904, Bar 1923.
Cornelia T. L. Pillard
Cornelia T. L. Pillard, born Cornelia Thayer Livingston Pillard, is an American jurist on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit since 2013.
Coroner
Coroner: a public official investigating sudden, unexplained, or violent deaths and holding inquests. From medieval England (1194, Richard I) to modern England and Wales (2009 Act, Chief Coroner, 80 areas) and US coroner versus medical examiner systems.
Corporal punishment
Corporal punishment, also called physical punishment, is the infliction of physical pain as punishment, most commonly spanking or hitting children, and includes caning and flogging.
Corporal punishment in the home
Corporal punishment in the home, or parental physical discipline, is hitting or otherwise causing pain to children as discipline; an estimated 1.2 billion children experience it yearly, WHO links it to harm with no benefits, and 68 states have banned it.
Corporal punishment of children in the United States
Corporal punishment of children, or spanking and paddling, is legal for parents in all 50 US states and in public schools in 17 states after Ingraham v. Wright (1977), which medical bodies oppose.
Corporate crime
Corporate crime is crime committed by businesses or their officials on the organization's behalf. Rooted in Sutherland's 1939 white-collar crime concept; covers fraud, cartels, and safety violations; enforced via identification doctrine, respondeat superior, and DPAs.
Corporate law
Corporate law: the body of law governing corporations' formation, limited liability, directors' duties, and shareholder relations; also called company law, with medieval commenda roots and modern EU, US, and OECD frameworks.
Corporate personhood
Corporate personhood: the legal fiction treating a corporation as a juridical person able to own property, contract, and sue. Covers US doctrine from Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Santa Clara (1886) to Citizens United and Hobby Lobby, EU comparison, and debates over autonomous businesses and AI personhood.
Corporate raid
Corporate raid: an attempt to seize control of a public company to sell assets or force a merger; peaked in the 1980s with junk bonds and greenmail, declined after poison pills and legal defenses; modern version is activist investing.
Corporate tax in the United States
Corporate tax in the United States: federal tax on corporate net income, begun as a 1909 excise, set at a permanent 21 percent since the 2017 TCJA, with a 15 percent CAMT and state apportionment systems.
Corporation
Corporation: a legal entity acting as a single fictional person, also called a company or C corp, with separate personality, limited shareholder liability, board governance, double taxation, and veil-piercing limits.
Corpus delicti
Corpus delicti ("body of the crime") is the common law rule that a confession alone cannot support a criminal conviction; independent proof that a crime occurred, and jurisdictional variants like the federal trustworthiness standard, are required.