127,669 articles
Committee of Ministers
The Committee of Ministers (Комитет министров) was the highest administrative body of the Russian Empire, created by Alexander I in 1802 and abolished in 1906.
Committee of Public Safety
Committee of Public Safety (Comité de salut public), executive committee of the French National Convention created 6 April 1793; twelve members including Robespierre, Carnot, and Saint-Just directed the Revolutionary Government and the Terror until 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794).
Committee of Safety (Hawaii)
Committee of Safety: 13-man group of Honolulu businessmen led by Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani on January 17, 1893, proclaimed the Provisional Government, and pursued U.S. annexation of Hawaii.
Committee of the Siberian Railway
The Committee of the Siberian Railway was a Russian Empire state institution, existing from 1892 to 1905, that directed construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and development of Siberia.
Committee of the Zemstvo Union
The Committee of the Zemstvo Union (Всероссийский земский союз) was a Russian zemstvo organization founded in Moscow in July 1914 to aid sick and wounded soldiers, joining Zemgor in 1915.
Committee of Union and Progress
Committee of Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti), Young Turk organization founded 1889 at Istanbul's Army Medical School by Ibrahim Temo; dominant power in the Ottoman Empire 1908-1918; its Central Committee decided the Armenian deportations and massacres of 1915; many Republican founders were ex-members.
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) is an interagency committee chaired by the Treasury Secretary that reviews foreign acquisitions for national-security risk.
Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures
The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) is the international standard setter for payment, clearing, and settlement arrangements, hosted by the Bank for International Settlements.
Committee on Publication Ethics
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), UK-registered charity and membership body founded 1997 by medical journal editors, advises journal editors and publishers on publication ethics; it does not investigate misconduct, publishes Core Practices, flowcharts, and retraction guidance.
Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), body of elected Myanmar MPs formed 5 February 2021 after the military coup; 20 members chaired by U Aung Kyi Nyunt; revoked the 2008 Constitution, issued the Federal Democracy Charter, and created the National Unity Government.
Committee to Protect Journalists
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), New York-based independent nonprofit founded 1981 by U.S. correspondents Massing, Nadel, and Navasky; documents killed, imprisoned, and missing journalists since 1992, takes no government funding, and reported a record 129 journalists killed in 2025.
Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (Comités de Defensa de la Revolución) are Cuba's block-level mass organization, founded by Fidel Castro in September 1960.
CommLaw Conspectus
CommLaw Conspectus, also CommLaw Conspectus: Journal of Communications Law and (Technology) Policy, was a student-edited communications, privacy, and technology law journal of Catholic University's Columbus School of Law, published 1993-2015 (vols. 1-23, ISSN 1068-5871) before continuing as the Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology.
Commodification
Commodification is the conversion of goods, services, labor, land, or data into market commodities; derived from Marx's commodity form, coined by 1970s Marxists, elaborated by Polanyi's fictitious commodities, and applied especially to care work.
Commodity
A commodity is a basic good, such as oil, metals, or agricultural products, that is uniform across producers, making producers price takers and enabling futures trading.
Commodity fetishism
Commodity fetishism is Marx's concept from Capital Volume I (1867), section 4 of chapter 1, describing how social relations between producers appear as relations between things; later developed into Lukács's reification theory.
Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000
The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 (CFMA) is a US federal law signed by President Clinton in December 2000 that exempted most over-the-counter derivatives from regulation.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent U.S. agency, created in 1974, that regulates futures, options, and swaps markets under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Commodity market
The commodity market is the set of physical and financial venues where raw materials like crude oil, wheat, copper, and coffee are traded, including futures, options, and swaps.
Commodity money
Commodity money, also called a commodity standard, is money whose value comes from a commodity with nonmonetary uses, like gold and silver coin, cowrie shells, salt bars, or tobacco.
Commodity swap
A commodity swap is an over-the-counter agreement exchanging a fixed price against a floating commodity price, letting producers and consumers lock prices without trading on an exchange.
Commodity-backed currency
Commodity-backed currency is money whose value is defined by, and in its strongest form redeemable for, a fixed quantity of a commodity such as gold or silver.
Commodore (rank)
Commodore, a naval rank or title between captain and rear admiral, originated with the Dutch around 1652; a substantive OF-6 rank in Commonwealth navies, in the US Navy it is a title for squadron-commanding captains.
Commodore (United States)
Commodore (United States): Navy rank and title of Dutch origin, c. 1652; courtesy title until 1862, official rank 1862-1899, revived 1943; O-7 title 1982-1986, now rear admiral (lower half).
Commodus
Commodus, born Lucius Aurelius Commodus, was a Roman emperor from 177 to 192, the son of Marcus Aurelius, remembered for identifying with Hercules and fighting as a gladiator.
Common Admission Test
Common Admission Test (CAT): annual computer-based MBA entrance exam run by India's IIMs. Three sections (VARC, DILR, QA), 120 minutes, +3/−1 MCQ marking, score used by 22 IIMs and 1,000+ B-schools.
Common Brittonic
Common Brittonic (British, British Celtic) is the reconstructed P-Celtic language of Roman and early post-Roman Britain, ancestor of Welsh, Cornish, Breton, and Cumbric, marked by loss of the nominal case system and heavy Latin borrowing.
Common carrier
Common carrier: a person or enterprise transporting passengers or goods for a fee while holding its service open to the general public, also called public carrier. Distinguished from contract and private carriers by the duty to serve all comers and heightened liability.
Common Cause
Common Cause is a nonpartisan U.S. grassroots advocacy organization founded in 1970 by John W. Gardner, known for the 26th Amendment, the 1974 campaign finance law, and Moore v. Harper.
Common Economic Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States
The Common Economic Space of the CIS, or Single Economic Space, was a 2003 project for free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor among Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.