273 articles
Mephentermine
Mephentermine (Termin) is a sympathomimetic amine vasopressor, C11H17N, acting mainly by norepinephrine release; half-life 17-18 hours, approved 1951, used for spinal anesthesia hypotension, with amphetamine-type dependence risk.
Mersalyl
Mersalyl (Salyrgan), sodium salt of mersalyl acid, an organomercury diuretic introduced in 1924 for edema; acts by binding protein sulfhydryl groups, toxic, discontinued by FDA, replaced by thiazides and loop diuretics.
Methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide (Enduron, Aquatensen) is a thiazide diuretic and sodium chloride symporter inhibitor for hypertension and edema, about 100 times more potent per mg than chlorothiazide, excreted unchanged in urine; US products are discontinued.
Methyldopa
Methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa, Aldomet) is a centrally acting antihypertensive prodrug converted to alpha-methylnorepinephrine, an alpha-2 agonist. Developed in the 1950s, now used mainly for hypertension in pregnancy; causes sedation and depression.
Metipranolol
Metipranolol (OptiPranolol, Trimepranol) is a non-selective beta-blocker used as 0.3% eye drops twice daily for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension; associated with granulomatous anterior uveitis and UK withdrawal.
Metolazone
Metolazone (Zaroxolyn, Mykrox) is a long-acting quinazoline thiazide-type diuretic approved by the FDA in 1973 for edema in heart failure and renal disease and for hypertension; it works even at GFR below 20 mL/min.
Metoprolol
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) is a beta-1 selective blocker marketed as tartrate and extended-release succinate salts; used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, post-infarction, and HFrEF, where MERIT-HF showed mortality reduction.
Milvexian
Milvexian (BMS-986177, JNJ-70033093) is an investigational oral, small-molecule, reversible direct factor XIa inhibitor from Bristol Myers Squibb and Janssen; it prevented VTE after knee arthroplasty in phase 2 but failed in the phase 3 LIBREXIA ACS trial.
Minoxidil
Minoxidil, sold as Rogaine, is a vasodilator drug developed in the 1970s for severe hypertension and now best known as a treatment for hair loss.
Mirabegron
Mirabegron (Myrbetriq, Betmiga) is a beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist for overactive bladder, approved in the US in June 2012, recommended by NICE when antimuscarinics fail, with lower dry mouth risk but modest blood pressure increase.
Moexipril
Moexipril (Univasc) is an oral non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor prodrug hydrolyzed to moexiprilat, approved in the US in 1995 for hypertension as 7.5 or 15 mg once-daily tablets, alone or with hydrochlorothiazide.
Monteplase
Monteplase (Cleactor, E6010) is a recombinant mutant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolytic with a Cys84Ser mutation, approved in Japan in 2005 for acute pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction, distinct from alteplase and tenecteplase.
Moricizine
Moricizine (Ethmozine), a phenothiazine-derived class I antiarrhythmic synthesized in the USSR in 1964 and FDA-approved in 1990 for ventricular arrhythmias; CAST-II showed excess mortality versus placebo after myocardial infarction.
Moxisylyte
Moxisylyte (thymoxamine, Opilon, Carlytene) is an α1-adrenergic antagonist vasodilator prodrug used for primary Raynaud's phenomenon and, by intracavernous injection, erectile dysfunction; withdrawn in France in 1993 for hepatotoxicity.
Moxonidine
Moxonidine, sold as Physiotens and Cynt, is a centrally acting antihypertensive that stimulates I1-imidazoline receptors in the brainstem; it is approved for mild to moderate hypertension.
Mozavaptan
Mozavaptan (OPC-31260, Physuline, mozavaptan hydrochloride) is an oral non-peptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (vaptan) developed by Otsuka; approved in Japan in 2006 as an orphan drug for hyponatremia in paraneoplastic SIADH.
Muzolimine
Muzolimine is a pyrazolone loop diuretic, developed as BAY g 2821, that acts in the loop of Henle; introduced in Europe in 1987, it was withdrawn after two years for neurological toxicity.
Nadroparin calcium
Nadroparin calcium (Fraxiparine) is a porcine-derived low molecular weight heparin, mean MW 4.5 kDa, anti-Xa/anti-IIa ratio 3.2:1, given subcutaneously for VTE prophylaxis, VTE treatment, hemodialysis, and unstable angina.
Naftazone
Naftazone (Mediaven, Etioven) is a naphthoquinone vasoprotective and capillary-stabilizing drug (ATC C05CX02) for venous insufficiency, 30 mg once daily, with antiplatelet effects in vitro; approved products recorded as withdrawn.
Naftopidil
Naftopidil (ナフトピジル, Flivas) is an alpha-1d-selective alpha-blocker approved in Japan for urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, comparable to tamsulosin and silodosin, with fewer sexual adverse events than silodosin.
Nebivolol
Nebivolol, sold under the brand names Bystolic and Nebilet, is a third-generation, β1-selective beta blocker used to treat hypertension, approved in Europe in 1995 and in the United States in 2007.
Nifedipine
Nifedipine, a first-generation Bayer dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (Adalat, Procardia), treats hypertension and angina; extended-release forms are preferred in pregnancy, immediate-release capsules are not for long-term use.
Nifekalant
Nifekalant (MS-551) is a class III antiarrhythmic drug, a selective IKr (HERG) potassium-channel blocker approved in Japan in 1999 for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and shock-resistant VF; used only in Japan, with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes as its main risk.
Nilvadipine
Nilvadipine (Nivadil), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension, half-life 15-20 h, once-daily dosing; the NILVAD phase III trial found no benefit in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.
Nisoldipine
Nisoldipine (Nisocor, Sular) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension, acting on vascular smooth muscle L-type channels; US-approved 1995, dosed 17–34 mg once daily, with grapefruit interaction and ~5% bioavailability.
Olmesartan
Olmesartan (Benicar) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker prodrug (olmesartan medoxomil) approved in the US in 2002 for hypertension; known for 24-hour BP lowering, sprue-like enteropathy risk, and ROADMAP and SUPPORT trial findings.
Otamixaban
Otamixaban (FXV673, XRP0673) is an intravenous, reversible direct factor Xa inhibitor (Ki 0.5 nM) developed by Sanofi-Aventis for acute coronary syndrome; its phase 3 TAO trial showed no efficacy benefit and doubled bleeding, so it was never approved.
Ouabain
Ouabain (strophanthin-G), C29H44O12, is a cardiotonic cardiac glycoside from Strophanthus gratus and Acocanthera, an Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor once used intravenously for heart failure, not US-approved, and the namesake of the proposed adrenal hormone endogenous ouabain.
Ozagrel
Ozagrel (ozagrel sodium; brands Xanbon, Katalclot) is a thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor antiplatelet drug approved in Japan for post-SAH vasospasm and acute cerebral thrombosis, used for ischemic stroke in Japan, China, and Korea.
Papaverine
Papaverine, a benzylisoquinoline opium alkaloid discovered by Georg Merck in 1848, is a smooth-muscle relaxant and vasodilator (PDE inhibitor) used for vascular spasm and in intracavernosal injection mixtures for erectile dysfunction, without narcotic effects.