640 articles
Dotinurad
Dotinurad (ドチヌラド, Urece/Yurisu) is a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor blocking URAT1, approved in Japan 2020 and China 2024 for gout and hyperuricemia; 4 mg/day beat febuxostat 40 mg in a phase 3 trial.
Doxapram
Doxapram (Dopram) is an intravenous respiratory stimulant, first FDA-approved in 1965, acting on carotid chemoreceptors and medullary centers; used for postanesthesia and drug-induced respiratory depression, COPD hypercapnia, and refractory apnea of prematurity.
Doxazosin
Doxazosin (Cardura) is a quinazoline alpha-1 adrenergic blocker for hypertension and BPH symptoms. The ALLHAT trial stopped its hypertension arm in 2000 after doxazosin doubled heart failure risk versus chlorthalidone; it remains a second-line, BPH-focused drug.
Doxercalciferol
Doxercalciferol (Hectorol) is a synthetic vitamin D2 analog prohormone activated hepatically by CYP27, used to suppress PTH in secondary hyperparathyroidism of stage 3-4 CKD and dialysis patients; US approved 1999, oral and injectable forms.
DRL-17822
DRL-17822 (CAS 898911-09-6) is an oral, selective cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor from Dr. Reddy's Laboratories for dyslipidemia; it raised HDL-C 51-111% in Phase I, reached Phase II (NCT01388816), and was never approved.
Drotrecogin alfa (activated)
Drotrecogin alfa (activated), brand name Xigris, recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC, LY-203638), an Eli Lilly antithrombotic for severe sepsis; FDA-approved 2001, EU 2002, withdrawn worldwide in 2011 after PROWESS-SHOCK showed no mortality benefit.
Dual antiplatelet therapy
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combines aspirin with an oral P2Y12 inhibitor, such as clopidogrel or ticagrelor, to prevent stent thrombosis and heart attack after coronary intervention.
Dulaglutide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity), Eli Lilly's once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist injection for type 2 diabetes, approved in 2014; REWIND trial showed 12% fewer major cardiovascular events (HR 0.88) with boxed thyroid C-cell tumor warning.
Dutogliptin
Dutogliptin (PHX1149), a Phenomix DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes; oral phase 3 program terminated, now a Recardio subcutaneous formulation for post-myocardial-infarction therapy.
ECC4703
ECC4703 (ECC-4703) is Eccogene's oral, liver-targeting THR-β full agonist in Phase IIa trials for MASH (MOSAIC, with ECC0509) and as a semaglutide adjunct for obesity (MIST); IND approved 2022.
ECC5004 / AZD5004 (oral GLP-1 receptor agonist)
ECC5004/AZD5004 (elecoglipron) is an oral, once-daily small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist discovered by Eccogene and licensed to AstraZeneca in 2023 for $185 million upfront, in Phase 3 development for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Ecnoglutide
Ecnoglutide (XW003/XW004) is a once-weekly cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist from Sciwind Biosciences, first approved in China in January 2026 for type 2 diabetes, with obesity trials and an oral formulation in development.
Ecraprost
Ecraprost (code AS 013, brand name Circulase) is a lipid microsphere prodrug of prostaglandin E1, given intravenously as lipo-ecraprost and investigated as a vasodilator for peripheral arterial disease.
Edasalonexent
Edasalonexent (CAT-1004), an oral NF-κB inhibitor conjugating salicylic acid and DHA, was Catabasis Pharmaceuticals' experimental therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; development ended in 2020 after the phase 3 PolarisDMD trial missed its endpoints.
Efpeglenatide
Efpeglenatide (에페글레나타이드, HM11260C) is Hanmi's once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, an exendin-4-IgG4 Fc fusion. AMPLITUDE-O cut MACE 27% in type 2 diabetes; approved in Korea 2026 for obesity.
Efsubaglutide alfa injection
Efsubaglutide alfa (依苏帕格鲁肽α, Yi Nuo Qing) is Innogen Pharmaceuticals' human GLP-1/IgG2 Fc fusion GLP-1RA with a 204-hour half-life, approved in China in January 2025 for adult type 2 diabetes.
Elafibranor
Elafibranor (GFT505, Iqirvo) is a dual PPAR-alpha/delta agonist approved in 2024 for primary biliary cholangitis after UDCA failure; its NASH program was discontinued after phase 3 failure.
Eldecalcitol
Eldecalcitol (ED-71, Edirol) is a Japanese-approved 0.75 μg/day oral vitamin D3 analog for osteoporosis that lowers vertebral fracture risk and raises BMD more than alfacalcidol, with hypercalciuria as its main safety signal.
Eleclazine
Eleclazine (GS-6615), a Gilead sodium channel blocker selectively inhibiting cardiac late sodium current via Nav1.5 for LQT3 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; phase 3 trials ended with program termination in late 2016.
Eliglustat
Eliglustat (Cerdelga) is an oral glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, a substrate reduction therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 in CYP2D6 extensive, intermediate, or poor metabolizers; approved in the US in 2014 and the EU in 2015, non-inferior to imiglucerase in the ENCORE trial.
Elinzanetant
Elinzanetant (Lynkuet) is Bayer's nonhormonal dual NK1/NK3 receptor antagonist for moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flashes; FDA-approved October 24, 2025 and EU-approved November 17, 2025, including breast cancer endocrine-therapy symptoms.
Enalapril
Enalapril (Vasotec) is an orally active ACE inhibitor prodrug hydrolyzed to enalaprilat, approved in 1985 for hypertension, symptomatic heart failure, and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, with mortality benefit shown in CONSENSUS and SOLVD trials.
Enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat anhydrous is the active diacid metabolite of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor given only intravenously (1.25 mg per 6 hours) for hypertension when oral therapy is impractical; onset 15 minutes, half-life about 11 hours.
Enarodustat
Enarodustat (JTZ-951, brand Enaroy) is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor by Japan Tobacco for CKD anemia; approved in Japan (September 2020), South Korea, and China.
Encainide
Encainide (MJ 9067), class IC sodium-channel-blocking antiarrhythmic developed in the 1970s; potent ventricular arrhythmia suppressant withdrawn after CAST showed increased post-infarction mortality.
Encaleret
Encaleret (CLTX-305, JTT-305) is an oral calcilytic, a negative allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor, developed by BridgeBio's Calcilytix for autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1, with positive Phase 3 CALIBRATE results, an FDA NDA filed, and Phase 3 testing in chronic hypoparathyroidism.
Enclomiphene
Enclomiphene citrate (Androxal) is the trans isomer of clomiphene, a SERM that raises LH, FSH, and endogenous testosterone in secondary male hypogonadism while preserving sperm counts; it lacks FDA and EMA approval.
Enoximone
Enoximone (fenoximone, MDL 17,043, Perfan) is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilating action, used short-term intravenously for acute congestive heart failure in Europe and the UK, not North America.
Epalrestat
Epalrestat (エパルレスタット), brand Kinedak, is an oral aldose reductase inhibitor developed by Ono Pharmaceutical for diabetic peripheral neuropathy; approved in Japan in 1992, it is the only marketed ARI, used in Japan, India, and China.
Epinephrine (medication)
Epinephrine (adrenaline), injectable nonselective alpha/beta adrenergic agonist for anaphylaxis, septic shock hypotension, and intraocular mydriasis; first hormone isolated (1901, Takamine) and synthesized (1904, Stolz).