640 articles
Fluorometholone
Fluorometholone (FML, Flarex) is a synthetic topical glucocorticoid, C22H29FO4, first approved 1972, used as 0.1% eye drops for steroid-responsive ocular inflammation, with lower intraocular pressure-raising risk than dexamethasone or prednisolone.
Fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin, FXM) is a synthetic 17-alpha-alkylated androgenic anabolic steroid, first FDA-approved in 1956 and now discontinued, used orally for male hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and palliative treatment of inoperable metastatic breast cancer.
Fluprednisolone
Fluprednisolone (6α-fluoroprednisolone, Alphadrol) is a synthetic fluorinated glucocorticoid, C21H27FO5, about 2.5 times as potent as prednisolone; FDA-approved 1982, now discontinued.
Follitropin alfa
Follitropin alfa, marketed as GONAL-f, is a recombinant form of human follicle-stimulating hormone used to stimulate ovarian follicle growth in fertility treatment and sperm production in men.
Fosdenopterin
Fosdenopterin (Nulibry), synthetic cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, is the first approved therapy for molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A, given as daily IV infusion; FDA approved February 2021, EMA September 2022, MHRA April 2024.
Fosinopril
Fosinopril (Monopril) is an ACE inhibitor prodrug converted to fosinoprilat, approved in 1991 for hypertension and adjunctive heart failure therapy; dosed 10-40 mg once daily, dual liver-kidney elimination, boxed fetal toxicity warning.
Fosun Yaopharma oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist (licensed to Pfizer)
YP05002, Fosun Yaopharma's oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, is an experimental once-daily pill for weight management developed by YaoPharma, a Fosun Pharma subsidiary, and licensed exclusively to Pfizer in December 2025.
Fotagliptin benzoate (SAL067)
Fotagliptin benzoate (SAL067, FCN-005; trade name Xinliting, 信立汀) is a Chinese Category 1 DPP-4 inhibitor approved by NMPA in June 2024 for adult type 2 diabetes, dosed 12 mg once daily alone or with metformin, with compound patent to 2030.
Furosemide
Furosemide, also known as frusemide and sold as Lasix, is a loop diuretic introduced in 1962 and used to treat edema from heart failure, cirrhosis, and kidney disease.
Ganirelix
Ganirelix (Antagon, FYREMADEL) is a synthetic decapeptide GnRH antagonist, 250 mcg subcutaneous daily, FDA-approved July 29, 1999 as the first GnRH antagonist, to prevent premature LH surges during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF.
Gemeprost
Gemeprost (Cervagem), a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue given as vaginal pessaries, induces second-trimester abortion and ripens the cervix; largely superseded by misoprostol.
Gemfibrozil
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is a fibrate, PPAR-alpha agonist lipid-lowering drug introduced by Parke-Davis that lowers triglycerides and raises HDL; now discouraged with statins because it inhibits statin glucuronidation, raising myopathy risk, with fenofibrate preferred.
Gemigliptin
Gemigliptin (Zemiglo, 제미글로; LC15-0444) is a once-daily 50 mg DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes, developed by LG Life Sciences and first approved in Korea in June 2012 as Korea's first domestically developed anti-diabetic new drug.
Gender-affirming hormone therapy
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is the medical administration of estrogen or testosterone, with adjunct antiandrogens or GnRH agonists, to align secondary sex characteristics with a person's gender identity.
Gestodene
Gestodene (GSD), a third-generation synthetic progestin developed by Schering, used with ethinylestradiol in combined oral contraceptives such as Femodene and Millinette; most potent progestin per weight, 75 mcg dose, VTE risk about 50-80% higher than levonorgestrel pills, not US-approved.
GKM-001
GKM-001 is a liver-selective glucokinase activator for type 2 diabetes, discovered by Advinus Therapeutics (India) and later held by Impetis Biosciences; it lowers glucose without raising insulin or causing hypoglycemia.
Glibenclamide
Glibenclamide (glyburide), a second-generation sulfonylurea introduced in 1969, lowers glucose by closing beta-cell KATP channels; used in type 2 diabetes, MODY, and high-dose neonatal diabetes, with notable hypoglycemia risk and placental transfer.
Glibornuride
Glibornuride (Glutril, Ro 6-4563) is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug, ATC A10BB04, formula C18H26N2O4S, MW 366.5, introduced 1969; it blocks SUR1 K(ATP) channels on pancreatic beta cells to stimulate insulin secretion.
Glutazumab (格鲁塔珠单抗)
Glutazumab (格鲁塔珠单抗, GMA102/GMA105) is Gmax Biopharm's long-acting GLP-1/anti-GLP-1R antibody fusion protein agonist, in phase III in China for type 2 diabetes and in earlier trials for obesity.
Glycerol phenylbutyrate
Glycerol phenylbutyrate (Ravicti, HPN-100) is a triglyceride prodrug nitrogen-binding agent for chronic management of urea cycle disorders; FDA approved 2013, EU 2015, noninferior to sodium phenylbutyrate.
Gosogliptin
Gosogliptin (PF-00734200) is a potent, selective difluoropyrrolidine DPP-4 inhibitor developed by Pfizer for type 2 diabetes, licensed to SatRx and registered in Russia in 2016.
Govorestat
Govorestat (AT-007), also known as Nugalviq in Europe, is an investigational CNS-penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor by Applied Therapeutics for galactosemia, SORD deficiency, and PMM2-CDG; FDA CRL November 2024, EU application withdrawn, studies halted April 2026.
Guanabenz
Guanabenz (Wytensin) is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist antihypertensive, dosed 8–32 mg/day twice daily; discontinued in the US and investigated for ALS and vanishing white matter.
Guanadrel
Guanadrel (Hylorel) is a discontinued oral postganglionic sympathetic inhibitor, a guanidine analog of guanethidine, FDA-approved in 1982 for mild to moderate hypertension.
Guanfu base A hydrochloride
Guanfu base A hydrochloride (盐酸关附甲素, acehytisine hydrochloride) is a diterpene alkaloid antiarrhythmic from Aconitum coreanum roots; a multi-ion channel blocker with atrial-selective sodium channel inhibition used for supraventricular tachycardia in China.
Gugulipid (guggulsterone-standardized guggul extract)
Gugulipid, a guggulsterone E/Z-standardized extract of Commiphora mukul oleoresin developed by CDRI Lucknow and approved in India as a lipid-lowering drug; FXR-antagonist mechanism, but a 2003 US trial found LDL-C rose.
Guided antiplatelet therapy
Guided antiplatelet therapy is a cardiology treatment strategy that uses platelet function testing or CYP2C19 genotyping to select and dose P2Y12 inhibitors like clopidogrel for individual patients.
HEC88473
HEC88473 (APL-18881) is Sunshine Lake Pharma's investigational long-acting GLP-1/FGF21 dual-receptor agonist Fc fusion protein injection for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and MASH; first such dual agonist in clinical stage, licensed to Apollo Therapeutics.
Henagliflozin proline
Henagliflozin proline (脯氨酸恒格列净, brand name Ruiqin) is an oral SGLT2 inhibitor by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals, approved in China in 2021 and described as the first SGLT2 inhibitor developed independently there.
Hexasodium phytate
Hexasodium phytate (SNF472, hexasodium fytate), intravenous hexasodium salt of phytate (IP6) that binds hydroxyapatite to inhibit vascular calcification and calciphylaxis; tested through phase 3 in hemodialysis patients.