5,159 articles
Adaptive radiation therapy
Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is a radiotherapy technique in which the treatment plan is modified during treatment using systematic feedback, most commonly daily imaging of changing anatomy.
Adaptive radiotherapy
Adaptive radiotherapy is a radiation oncology approach in which the treatment plan is modified during a course of therapy in response to changes in patient anatomy, tumor size, or position.
Adaptive servo-ventilation
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a noninvasive positive airway pressure therapy that adjusts pressure support breath by breath to stabilize irregular breathing, used mainly for central sleep apnea in heart failure.
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) is a CT image reconstruction algorithm introduced by GE Healthcare in 2008 that models projection noise, cutting radiation dose by 25 to 65%.
Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE, ACE-R, ACE-III, mini-ACE): 100-point bedside cognitive screening battery from Cambridge, designed to detect mild dementia and differentiate Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia, with five domains and free availability.
Adductor canal block
The adductor canal block (ACB) is a regional anesthesia technique that numbs the saphenous nerve in the thigh, used chiefly for pain relief after knee replacement surgery.
Adenoidectomy
Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoid, or pharyngeal tonsil, most often performed in children for ear infections, chronic adenoiditis, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Adenomectomy
Adenomectomy is a surgical operation that removes an adenoma alone, sparing the organ, performed in the prostate for benign enlargement and in the pituitary gland for pituitary tumors.
Adenomyomectomy
Adenomyomectomy, performed as laparoscopic adenomyomectomy, is a uterus-preserving operation that removes adenomyotic tissue from the uterine wall, treating adenomyosis in women with pain, heavy bleeding, or infertility.
Adenotonsillectomy
Adenotonsillectomy is an operation that completely removes the palatine tonsils together with the adenoids, most often performed in children to relieve sleep-disordered breathing or recurrent throat infection.
Adhesiolysis
Adhesiolysis is a surgical operation that cuts adhesions, the fibrous scar bands binding abdominal or pelvic organs after surgery or inflammation, chiefly to treat adhesive small bowel obstruction.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is concurrent chemotherapy and radiation given after cancer surgery to eliminate residual microscopic disease, established in glioblastoma and endometrial cancer but contested in pancreatic cancer.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Adjuvant radiotherapy: radiation given after primary cancer treatment (usually surgery) to reduce recurrence. Used in breast, cervical, and selected lung and prostate cancers; benefits and harms vary by stage and risk.
Adnan al-Bursh
Adnan al-Bursh (عدنان البرش) was a Palestinian orthopedic surgeon who headed the orthopedics department at Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital. Arrested in December 2023, he died in Israeli custody in April 2024.
Adolf Lorenz
Adolf Lorenz (1854–1946) was an Austrian orthopedic surgeon from Weidenau, Austrian Silesia, known for the bloodless, non-operative treatment of congenital hip dislocation and for his wealthy 1902 American visit.
Adoptive cell transfer
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is an immunotherapy in which a patient's own or donor immune cells are modified and reinfused to treat cancer, pioneered by Steven Rosenberg in 1985.
Adrenal Cortex Function Tests
Adrenal cortex function tests: ACTH (cosyntropin) stimulation test, insulin tolerance, CRH, and metyrapone tests for adrenal insufficiency, plus dexamethasone suppression testing for Cushing's syndrome, with cortisol and ACTH cutoffs.
Adrenal vein sampling
Adrenal vein sampling is an interventional radiology procedure that draws blood from the adrenal veins to determine which gland causes primary aldosteronism, guiding adrenalectomy; it has been used for over 50 years.
Adrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy is the surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, performed to cure hormone overproduction or remove suspicious masses, usually by minimally invasive surgery.
Adult Diapers
Adult diapers, also called adult briefs or incontinence products, are absorbent garments containing urine or fecal leakage in incontinent adults. Evolved from mid-1900s disposable briefs; super-absorbent polymers from the late 1980s; distinct from baby diapers in sizing and designs.
Advance care planning
Advance care planning (ACP) is a clinical process in which patients, families, and clinicians discuss and document a person's values and preferences for future medical care.
Advanced Animal Diagnostics
Advanced Animal Diagnostics is the company founded in 2001 by Rudy Rodriguez, an American biomedical engineer elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2016.
Advanced life support
Advanced life support (ALS) is the set of interventions added to basic life support to treat cardiac arrest: defibrillation, advanced airway management, vascular access, and drugs.
AESEDCPAEPFR trial
AESEDCPAEPFR (NCT07401342) is a completed before-and-after trial at Mexico's Conde de Valenciana eye institute testing duosomal liposomal chemical peels in 11 patients, with improved FACE-Q and SASSQ skin-quality scores.
Aesthetic plastic surgery
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (the Blue Journal), bimonthly peer-reviewed Springer journal since 1976, official organ of ISAPS, ISSN 0364-216X, MEDLINE-indexed, 2024 impact factor 2.9, distinct from Aesthetic Surgery Journal.
AFIRE trial
AFIRE trial (Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Events with Rivaroxaban in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease): 2019 Japanese randomized trial of 2,236 patients showing rivaroxaban monotherapy noninferior to rivaroxaban plus antiplatelet therapy and superior for bleeding.
Aftercare
Aftercare: medical, nursing, or psychiatric care of a convalescent patient after hospital discharge or surgery (MeSH D000359). Evidence varies: primary-care-integrated aftercare cuts older-patient readmissions, while brief universal follow-up contacts show no measurable benefit.
Age Determination by Skeleton
Age determination by skeleton (bone age assessment) estimates skeletal maturity from left hand-wrist radiographs using Greulich-Pyle or Tanner-Whitehouse methods, now increasingly automated by AI software matching human readers, with limited forensic accuracy at age 18.
Agglutination test
An agglutination test is a diagnostic immunoassay in which antibodies cross-link antigen-bearing cells or particles into clumps visible by eye, used to detect antigens or antibodies in blood, urine, or saliva.
AGuIX
AGuIX (Activation and Guidance of Irradiation by X-ray) is a 5 nm gadonium-based nanoparticle developed by NH TherAguix in France as an MRI contrast agent and X-ray radiosensitizer for tumors.