Clinical assessment and procedures

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, sed rate, Westergren sedimentation rate): red cells settle faster than normal in one hour, a nonspecific marker of inflammation; ICD-11 MA1A.0.

Elimination diet

An elimination diet is a diagnostic and therapeutic method that removes suspected food allergens and reintroduces them to identify triggers of food allergies and intolerances.

Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910), British-born physician, first woman to earn an M.D. from an American medical school (Geneva Medical College, 1849); founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children and its women's medical college, and was first woman on the British Medical Register.

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917) was an English physician, the first openly female recipient of a medical qualification in Britain in 1865, who founded the New Hospital for Women.

Elizabeth Kenny

Elizabeth Kenny, known as Sister Elizabeth Kenny, was an Australian nurse who developed a hot-pack treatment for polio and founded the Sister Kenny Institute in Minneapolis in 1942.

Embolectomy

Embolectomy is the removal of an embolus, a blood clot that formed in one vessel and lodged elsewhere, done by open surgery, balloon catheter, or aspiration.

Embolic Protection Devices

Embolic protection devices capture or deflect dislodged debris during angioplasty, stenting, and TAVR. Three classes: distal occlusion balloons, distal filters, proximal occlusion. Class I indication in vein grafts; TAVR benefit unproven in RCTs.

Embryo biopsy

Embryo biopsy is a laboratory procedure in assisted reproduction in which cells are removed from an oocyte, zygote, or embryo for genetic testing before transfer.

EMERGE-Cryo trial

EMERGE-Cryo (NCT05294445), also called EMERGE Cryo, is a German randomized trial of first-line cryoballoon ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs in 350 emergency department patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation.

Emergency medical services

Emergency medical services (EMS): organized system delivering prehospital emergency care from call to hospital handover. Key facts: Larrey's 1794 system, Cincinnati 1865 first civilian ambulance, 1966 NAS report, NHTSA oversight, WHO 2025 ambulance guidance.

Emergency medical technician

An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a basic life support clinician on the American EMS workforce ladder, assessing patients and providing care and ambulance transport.

Emergency medicine

Emergency medicine: medical specialty for unscheduled evaluation, treatment, and prevention of unexpected illness and injury. Also called EM; recognized as the 23rd US medical specialty in 1979; spans prehospital EMS, triage, and emergency department care.

Emergency radiology

Emergency radiology is a subspecialty of radiology focused on imaging acutely ill and trauma patients in the emergency department, where speed and diagnostic accuracy shape urgent clinical decisions.

Emergency ultrasound

Emergency ultrasound, often called point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), is bedside ultrasound performed and interpreted by the treating clinician to answer specific questions, such as whether a trauma patient has internal bleeding.

eMESH study

eMESH study refers to two unrelated clinical trials: EMESH 1 (NCT01676376), a feasibility study of the Kips Bay Medical eSVS Mesh external vein support for saphenous vein grafts in CABG, and eMESH Struct. 2022-23 (NCT05202938), a Sherbrooke observational PET study of cardiac energy metabolism in septic shock and heart failure.

Emission computed tomography

Emission computed tomography (ECT) is a nuclear medicine method that reconstructs 3D images of injected radioactive tracers for diagnosis and treatment planning, with SPECT and PET as its two branches.

En bloc resection

En bloc resection is the removal of an entire tumor in a single piece so margins can be fully examined, chiefly done by endoscopic submucosal dissection.

En bloc spondylectomy

En bloc spondylectomy is a spine oncology operation removing a tumor-bearing vertebra in one or two pieces with healthy-tissue margins, used mainly for chordomas and giant cell tumors.

Enamel Microabrasion

Enamel microabrasion is a conservative dental technique developed in the mid-1980s that removes superficial enamel stains, mainly fluorosis and white spot lesions, using hydrochloric acid abrasive slurries, removing 10–200 μm of outer enamel.

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is an indirect brain revascularization operation, introduced in 1981, in which a scalp artery is laid on the brain surface to treat moyamoya disease.

End-to-side anastomosis

End-to-side anastomosis is a surgical technique that joins the end of one vessel or bowel segment to a window in the side of another, preserving distal blood flow.

Endarterectomy

Endarterectomy is an operation that removes atherosclerotic plaque from an artery's inner lining to restore blood flow, most often in the carotid artery to prevent stroke.

ENDOA trial

ENDOA (NCT06949176) is a randomized Athens trial comparing 2.5% versus 5% sodium hypochlorite root canal irrigation in necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis, using qPCR bacterial load and one-year Periapical Index outcomes; 44 enrolled, active, not recruiting.

ENDOABG trial

ENDOABG (NCT06959602) is a randomized trial at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens comparing 2.5% sodium hypochlorite alone, with PUI, and with XP-Endo Finisher activation in 66 teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis, measuring qPCR bacterial reduction and 6- and 12-month healing.