1,440 articles
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Vesicle (biology and chemistry): a membrane-bound aqueous compartment. Covers coated transport vesicles (clathrin, COPI, COPII), budding and uncoating, extracellular vesicles, and liposomes.
Vesicle transport protein, Use1
Use1 (Unconventional SNARE in the ER 1, SLT1) is a Qc-SNARE, tail-anchored ER membrane protein mediating retrograde COPI vesicle transport from Golgi to ER with Ufe1p, Sec20p, and Sec22p; also exploited by mumps and tombusviruses.
Vesicle-mediated transport
Vesicle-mediated transport, also called vesicular traffic, moves cellular cargo in membrane-bounded vesicles via clathrin, COPI, and COPII coats, Rab GTPases, and SNARE-mediated fusion, spanning ER-Golgi secretion, endocytosis, and transcytosis; Reactome pathway R-HSA-5653656.
Vesicle-trafficking protein Sec22
Sec22 (SEC22B in humans) is a tail-anchored R-SNARE protein mediating anterograde and retrograde ER-Golgi vesicle fusion, with a longin domain, Ykt6 redundancy, and conserved roles across eukaryotes.
Vesicular-tubular cluster
Vesicular-tubular clusters (VTCs), also called the ERGIC or intermediate compartment, are vesicle-and-tubule clusters in mammalian cells that form by COPII vesicle fusion at ER exit sites, carry cargo to the Golgi, and retrieve ER proteins via COPI vesicles.
Video microscopy
Video microscopy is a light microscopy technique that records living cells as video over time under growth conditions, capturing dynamics such as migration, division, and vesicle transport.
Villin headpiece
The villin headpiece is the C-terminal F-actin-binding domain of villin, an actin-bundling protein in microvilli. Its 35-residue subdomain HP35 folds autonomously in microseconds, making it a standard model system for protein folding studies.
Vinculin
Vinculin (VCL) is a 1,066-amino-acid cytoplasmic actin-binding scaffold protein of focal adhesions and adherens junctions, discovered in 1979 from chicken gizzard. It links talin-bound integrins to F-actin in an autoinhibited, force-activated mechanotransduction module and regulates cell bioenergetics via RhoA-ROCK.
Voltage clamp
The voltage clamp is an electrophysiology technique that holds a cell's membrane potential at a set value while measuring ionic currents, using feedback to inject equal and opposite current.
Voltage-gated potassium channel
Voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv channel): 40 human genes in 12 subfamilies; tetrameric S1–S6 channels that open on depolarization to repolarize action potentials; targets for epilepsy, autoimmune, and antiarrhythmic drugs.
Volume electron microscopy
Volume electron microscopy (vEM), including serial block-face SEM, is a family of electron microscopy methods that images resin-embedded biological samples section by section to reconstruct 3D ultrastructure at nanometer resolution.
VU-SCC-147
VU-SCC-147 (93-VU-147T, VU147) is an HPV16-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line established at VU University Amsterdam from a floor-of-mouth tumor in a 58-year-old male smoker; Cellosaurus CVCL_L895, HRAS and TP53 mutations, lost chromosome Y.
WASP family of actin-regulatory proteins
WASP family proteins (WASP, N-WASP, WAVE1-3, WASH, WHAMM, JMY, WHIMP) are eukaryotic Arp2/3-complex activators sharing a C-terminal WCA/VCA domain, regulating actin polymerization for migration, endocytosis, and vesicle trafficking; WAS mutations cause Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Wei Li
Wei Li is the name of two American scientists who each won a PECASE award: a University of Washington engineer in 2004 and a Rice University physicist in 2014.
WERI-Rb-1
WERI-Rb-1 (Wills Eye Research Institute-Retinoblastoma-1, CVCL_1792, ATCC HTB-169) is a human retinoblastoma cancer cell line established in 1974 by McFall and Sery from a 1-year-old girl; suspension-growing, RB1-deleted, with Y79 its companion line.
White adipocyte
White adipocyte (white fat cell), the unilocular lipid-storing cell of white adipose tissue: single large triglyceride droplet, few mitochondria, no UCP1, endocrine secretion of leptin and adiponectin, and inducible browning to beige adipocytes.
Whole-cell patch clamp
Whole-cell patch clamp is an electrophysiology technique in which a glass micropipette sealed onto a cell is ruptured to record currents and voltage across the whole cell membrane.
WI-38
WI-38 (Wistar Institute 38) is a finite human diploid lung fibroblast strain derived by Leonard Hayflick from a 3-month-gestation female fetus, the first human diploid cell line used in vaccine preparation and the classic model of replicative senescence.
WI-38 VA13 subline 2RA
WI-38 VA13 subline 2RA (VA13-2RA, CVCL_2759, ATCC CCL-75.1) is an SV40-transformed, immortalized derivative of the WI-38 fetal lung fibroblast line, derived in 1964; an ALT-positive, hyperdiploid model of viral transformation.
Wide-field microscopy
Wide-field microscopy is an optical imaging technique that illuminates the whole specimen at once and captures the image with a camera, the workhorse of cell biology imaging.
Widefield microscopy
Widefield microscopy is an optical method that illuminates the entire specimen field at once, capturing fluorescence images in a single exposure; its main weakness is out-of-focus blur in thick samples.
WiDr
WiDr (WIDR), a human colon adenocarcinoma cancer cell line first described in 1979, later shown to be a derivative of HT-29 and listed by ICLAC (ICLAC-00103) as misidentified; microsatellite-stable, BRAF V600E, distributed as ATCC CCL-218.
WIL2
WIL2 (WI-L2, CVCL_6544) is an EBV-transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell line established in 1968 from the spleen of a 5-year-old male with hereditary spherocytosis; parent of WIL2-NS, WIL2-S, and TK6.
William F. Harrington
William F. Harrington (1920–1992) was an American physical biochemist at Johns Hopkins University who developed modern concepts of the structure and function of myosin and collagen.
Wound healing assay (cell biology)
The wound healing assay, also called the scratch assay, is a cell biology method that measures how cells migrate to close a gap scratched in a cell layer.
Xanthophore cell
A xanthophore is a neural crest-derived pigment cell of fish, amphibians, and reptiles, one of the chromatophores, holding pteridine and carotenoid pigments in pterinosomes and appearing yellow to orange.
XP12BE
XP12BE (GM05509, CVCL_F119), also called Jay Tim, is a human XP group A skin fibroblast cell line, compound heterozygous for two XPA splice-site mutations, with under 2% of normal UV-induced DNA repair.
Y-79
Y-79 (Y79, CVCL_1893, ATCC HTB-18) is the first established human retinoblastoma cell line, isolated in 1971 from the right-eye tumor of a 2.5-year-old girl, named for the 79th Yale attempt, RB1-mutant and MYCN-amplified.
Ycf2, N-terminal
Ycf2 (hypothetical chloroplast ORF 2), N-terminal membrane region; plastid-encoded ~341 kDa AAA-ATPase, largest subunit of the 2-MDa Ycf2-FtsHi chloroplast import motor, evolved from FtsH, green lineage only.
ZR-75-1
ZR-75-1 (also ZR751, ATCC CRL-1500) is a human ER/PR-positive breast cancer cell line established in 1978 from the ascites of a 63-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, used widely in endocrine-resistance and ER+ breast cancer research.