1,440 articles
MDA-MB-435
MDA-MB-435 is a human cancer cell line established in 1976 as a breast carcinoma line, later shown by genetic testing to be a melanoma line derived from M14.
MDA-MB-435S
MDA-MB-435S (CVCL_0622, ATCC HTB-129), also called MDA-MB-435s or BrCL15, is a human cancer cell line long used as a breast cancer model but shown by STR authentication to be a misidentified derivative of the M14 melanoma line, carrying BRAF V600E.
MDA-MB-436
MDA-MB-436 (MD Anderson-Metastatic Breast-436, CVCL_0623, ATCC HTB-130) is a triple-negative, BRCA1-mutant (c.5277+1G>A) human breast cancer cell line from a 1978 pleural effusion metastasis, used as a Basal B/mesenchymal TNBC and chemoresistance model.
MDA-MB-453
MDA-MB-453 (CVCL_0418, ATCC HTB-131) is a human breast cancer cell line established in 1976 from a pericardial effusion, ER−/PR−, androgen receptor-positive and HER2-positive, used for androgen receptor and HER2 research.
MDA-MB-468
MDA-MB-468 (ATCC HTB-132, CVCL_0419) is a human triple-negative, basal-like breast cancer cell line isolated in 1977 from a pleural effusion of a 51-year-old Black female donor, carrying TP53 R273H, PTEN loss, and amplified EGFR.
MDBK
MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney, NBL-1, ATCC CCL-22) is a bovine kidney epithelial cell line established in 1957 by Madin and Darby, widely used for propagating bovine viruses and as a transfection host.
MDCK
MDCK, short for Madin-Darby Canine Kidney, is a dog kidney cell line established in 1958 that is the standard model for epithelial polarity and a substrate for influenza vaccines.
ME-180
ME-180 (ME180, ATCC HTB-33, CVCL_1401) is a human cervical epidermoid carcinoma cell line from a 66-year-old woman, HPV-positive (HPV68/39 reports), p53+/pRB+, PIK3CA-mutant, widely used in cervical cancer drug research.
MEG-01
MEG-01 (CVCL_0425, ATCC CRL-2021) is a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line derived in 1983 from the bone marrow of a 55-year-old man with Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML in blast crisis, distinguished by uniform surface GP IIb/IIIa and spontaneous platelet-like particle release.
Megakaryocyte
A megakaryocyte is a large bone marrow cell that produces blood platelets by fragmenting its cytoplasm. It is the largest hematopoietic cell in the bone marrow.
Meiosis
Meiosis, also called reduction division, is a type of cell division in germ cells that produces four genetically distinct haploid gametes with half the parent cell's chromosome number.
Meiotic arrest and resumption
Meiotic arrest and resumption: oocytes pause meiosis at prophase I (cAMP/cGMP-PDE3A/GPR3/NPPC-NPR2 maintenance) and at metaphase II; the LH surge lowers cAMP (700 to 140 nM), activating CDK1-MPF, GVBD, and ovulation, with fertilization completing meiosis.
Meiotic recombination
Meiotic recombination: exchange of duplex DNA between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, initiated by SPO11 double-strand breaks, yielding crossovers and non-crossovers, controlled by PRDM9 hotspots and interference.
Melanocyte
Melanocyte: pigment-producing cell of the skin and eyes, neural crest-derived, making melanin in melanosomes and transferring it to keratinocytes; lost in vitiligo and albinism, cancerous in melanoma.
Melanophage
Melanophage: a melanin-containing macrophage (Cell Ontology CL:0002060) that acquires pigment by phagocytosis of melanosomes, not synthesis; found in dermis, marks pigment incontinence, and dominates tumoral melanosis.
MELAS syndrome
MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease, usually from m.3243A>G in MT-TL1, causing stroke-like episodes, seizures, and lactic acidosis with no proven disease-specific therapy.
Membrane
Membrane: the biological membrane, a lipid bilayer about 5 nm thick with embedded proteins, structured per the 1972 Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model and later refined with lipid rafts and membrane domains.
Membrane contact site
A membrane contact site is a region where the membranes of two organelles lie close together, typically 5–50 nm apart, without fusing, mediating lipid transfer, calcium signaling, and other functions.
Membrane Trafficking
Membrane trafficking is the movement of proteins and lipids between a eukaryotic cell's membrane compartments, carried out by vesicles that bud from one organelle and fuse with another.
Membrane transport protein
Membrane transport proteins, also called carriers, transporters, and channels, move ions and molecules across biological membranes. Human SLC (464 genes, 76 families) and ABC (48 members) superfamilies; over 100 Mendelian diseases and major drugs target them.
MERFISH
MERFISH (multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization) is an imaging method measuring the copy numbers and spatial locations of hundreds to thousands of RNA species in single cells.
MES-SA
MES-SA (ATCC CRL-1976, Cellosaurus CVCL_1404) is a human uterine sarcoma cell line established in 1980 from a 56-year-old woman, drug-sensitive, MDR1-negative, and the parent of the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing multidrug-resistant MES-SA/Dx5 model.
Mesangial cell
Mesangial cells, also called renal or glomerular mesangial cells, are contractile, phagocytic myofibroblast-like stromal cells of the kidney glomerulus that, with mesangial matrix, support glomerular capillaries and drive IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy.
Mesenchymal cell
Mesenchymal cell (CL:0008019, mesenchyme cell): a non-polarized, migratory, matrix-associated cell made by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; distinct from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells used in wound healing.
Mesothelial cell
Mesothelial cell: the mesoderm-derived epithelial-like cell forming the mesothelium lining pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; squamous-like, ~25 μm, secretes hyaluronan, mediates transport, inflammation, repair, and mesothelioma.
MeT-5A
MeT-5A (MeT5A, CVCL_3749, ATCC CRL-9444) is an SV40 large T antigen-immortalized, non-tumorigenic human pleural mesothelial cell line from non-cancerous donors, established in 1989 and widely used in asbestos and fiber toxicology research.
Metamyelocyte
Metamyelocyte: an immature granulocyte of granulopoiesis, derived from the myelocyte and maturing into a band cell; kidney-shaped nucleus, no nucleoli, lineage-specific granules, normally confined to bone marrow.
Metaphase
Metaphase: stage of mitosis and meiosis in which condensed chromosomes align on the metaphase plate at the cell center, held by cohesin, checked by the spindle assembly checkpoint, and used in karyotyping.
MG-63
MG-63 (MG63, CVCL_0426) is a human osteosarcoma cell line from a 14-year-old male, left femur, reported 1977 as an interferon producer; an osteoblast-like model that does not mineralize.
MGAR
MGAR (CVCL_E775, ECACC 88022014) is an EBV-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell line from a Hispanic female donor, part of the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop panel, HLA-typed A*26:01, B*08:01, C*07:01, DRB1*15:01.