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Kearns–Sayre syndrome
Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS), a rare sporadic mitochondrial disease from large heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions (1.3–10 kb), marked by progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, onset before 20, heart block, and CSF protein over 100 mg/dl.
Kenneth A. Taylor
Kenneth A. Taylor is an American structural biologist, Professor of Biological Science at Florida State University since 1995, known for 3-D electron microscopy of muscle and myosin filaments.
Keratin
Keratin: family of fibrous intermediate-filament proteins of epithelia, hair, nails, horns, and feathers. 54 functional human genes in type I (acidic) and type II (basic) classes that obligately pair into 10–12 nm heteropolymer filaments; mutations cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
Keratinization
Keratinization is the process by which epithelial cells accumulate keratin filaments, die, and form the protective outer layers of skin, hair, and nails, occurring chiefly in keratinocytes of the epidermis.
Keratinocyte
Epidermal keratinocyte: the main epidermal skin cell (about 95% of epidermal cells), which synthesizes keratin and differentiates through basal, spinous, granular, and cornified layers to build the skin barrier over roughly a month.
Keratocyte
Keratocyte (corneal keratocyte): neural crest-derived stromal cell of the cornea, dendritic and quiescent, marked by keratocan, CD34, crystallins; maintains transparency, converts to fibroblasts and myofibroblasts after injury, causing haze.
KG-1
KG-1 (CVCL_0374) is a human acute myeloid leukemia cell line established in 1978 by Koeffler and Golde from a 59-year-old man's bone marrow; its less differentiated subline KG-1a arose after 35 passages.
Ki-67 (protein)
Ki-67 (MKI67 gene) is a large nuclear protein present in dividing cells and absent in G0, discovered in 1983 in Kiel. Its immunohistochemical proliferation index gauges tumor growth and predicts breast cancer prognosis and chemotherapy benefit.
Kidney cell
Kidney cell (Cell Ontology CL:1000497) is any cell that is part of a kidney, spanning nephron epithelial, interstitial, vascular, and immune cell types; defined by ontology, developed from three progenitor pools, and cataloged by single-cell atlases.
Kidney epithelial cell
Kidney epithelial cell: polarized epithelial cell lining the nephron and collecting ducts; at least 16 specialized types reabsorb ~99% of filtrate and mediate injury repair and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Kidney tubule cell
A kidney tubule cell is an epithelial cell that forms part of a nephron tubule, converting blood filtrate into urine; mammalian kidneys hold at least 16 types.
KIF1A
KIF1A: neuron-specific kinesin-3 motor gene on 2q37 driving anterograde axonal transport; pathogenic variants cause KAND, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.
Kinesin
Kinesin (kinesin superfamily proteins, KIFs) is a family of ATP-driven motor proteins that walk along microtubules, taking 8-nm steps at one ATP per step; 45 human KIFs in 14 families transport cargo, build spindles, and are linked to neurological disease and cancer.
Kinesin light chain
Kinesin light chain (KLC1-KLC4) is the cargo-binding, autoinhibitory subunit of kinesin-1; its TPR domain binds W-acidic and Y-acidic cargo motifs, with N343 giving KLC1 its JIP1 specificity.
Kinesin motor domain
Kinesin motor domain: the ~350-amino-acid catalytic head shared by kinesin superfamily motors, binding ATP and tubulin; drives 8-nm, one-ATP-per-step processive stepping via neck linker docking and gating, and can alter the microtubule lattice.
Kinetochore
Kinetochore: proteinaceous structure on each centromere linking chromosomal DNA to spindle microtubules; built on CENP-A nucleosomes with KMN outer core; drives checkpoint signaling, force generation, and error correction during chromosome segregation.
Kinetochore Mis14/Nsl1
Kinetochore Mis14/Nsl1 (NSL1, DC8, C1orf48) is a conserved kinetochore protein family and Mis12/MIND complex subunit that scaffolds KNL1 and Ndc80 binding and recruits HP1 to the inner centromere.
Klaus Weber
Klaus Weber (1936–2016) was a German-born biochemist who directed the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen from 1975 to 2004.
KM12
KM12 (KM-12, CVCL_1331) is a human colon carcinoma cell line, MSI-high, carrying a TPM3-NTRK1 fusion, entrectinib-sensitive, a member of the NCI-60 and DepMap panels, with WRN as its top dependency.
Kozak consensus sequence
The Kozak consensus sequence, or Kozak sequence, is the nucleotide motif around the AUG start codon of messenger RNAs that is most efficiently recognized by translation initiation machinery.
Ku812
Ku812 (KU812, KU-812, CVCL_0379) is a human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line from a 38-year-old man in blast crisis, the first human basophil cell line, Philadelphia chromosome and BCR-ABL1 b3a2 positive, bipotent with spontaneous erythroid differentiation.
Kuramochi
Kuramochi (KURAMOCHI, CVCL_1345, JCRB0098) is a human ovarian cancer cell line established in 1981 from ascites of a Japanese patient, used as a high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma model with TP53 D281Y and BRCA2 mutations.
KYSE-150
KYSE-150 (CVCL_1348, DSMZ ACC 375, JCRB1095) is a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line established by Shimada et al. in 1992 from a 49-year-old Japanese woman, widely used in radiation-resistance and drug studies.
KYSE-30
KYSE-30 (CVCL_1351) is a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line from a 64-year-old Japanese man, established 1992 in the KYSE series via nude-mouse heterotransplant; carries CDKN2A, HRAS Q61L, TP53 mutations and MYC, cyclin D1 amplifications.
L-363
L-363 (L363, CVCL_1357, DSMZ ACC 49) is a human plasma cell leukemia cell line established in 1977 from a 36-year-old woman, used as a multiple myeloma model with NRAS Q61H, PIK3CA E545K, and homozygous TP53 S261T mutations.
L-540
L-540 is a human cell line derived from a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma, established in 1981 by Volker Diehl at the University of Cologne and known for high CD30 expression.
L/St
L/St is an inbred laboratory mouse strain from Leonell C. Strong's 1926 Bussey sublines, marked by low mammary tumor incidence, lymphoblastoma, and retinal opacity; distinct from the unrelated Oak Ridge LST strain.
LA-N-1
LA-N-1 (LAN-1, CVCL_1827) is a human neuroblastoma cell line established in 1977 from a bone marrow metastasis in a 2-year-old boy, carrying MYCN amplification and an ALK F1174L mutation.
Lamina propria
Lamina propria: the loose connective tissue layer beneath the epithelium of all mucous membranes, containing capillaries, lymphatics, fibroblasts, and dense immune cell populations; forms the middle mucosal layer above the muscularis mucosae.
Laser capture microdissection
Laser capture microdissection, also called laser microdissection, is a technique that uses a laser to isolate specific cells from stained tissue sections for DNA, RNA, and protein analysis.