1,440 articles
Invertebrate nurse cell
Invertebrate nurse cell: germ-line abortive oocyte connected to a growing oocyte by cytoplasmic bridges (ring canals), supplying RNA, proteins, and organelles, as in the Drosophila 16-cell cyst; distinct from Trichinella and thymic nurse cells.
Inwardly rectifying K+ channels
Inwardly rectifying K+ channels (Kir, IRK) are two-transmembrane-helix potassium channels that pass inward K+ current more easily than outward, due to Mg2+ and polyamine pore block; seven subfamilies (Kir1.x-Kir7.x) set resting potential and shape action potentials.
Ion homeostasis
Ion homeostasis: maintenance of stable cellular concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride by ion channels, pumps, and transporters; the Na-K-ATPase builds the gradients that channels dissipate, and its disruption underlies metabolic and neurodegenerative disease.
Ion Transport
Ion transport is the movement of ions across cell membranes, passively through channels and actively through pumps, producing the gradients that power nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and nutrient absorption.
Ionocyte
Ionocyte: specialized ion-transporting epithelial cell (mitochondria-rich), first seen in fish gills; pulmonary ionocyte (FOXI1+, CFTR-high) discovered 2018 in airways, relevant to cystic fibrosis.
Ionotropic glutamate receptor
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric, cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast excitatory neurotransmission. Four classes: AMPA, kainate, NMDA, and GluD, encoded by 18 genes.
IPEC-J2
IPEC-J2 (Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell line-J2), a non-transformed porcine jejunal enterocyte line isolated in 1989 by Helen Berschneider; used for intestinal barrier, host-pathogen, probiotic, and nutrition studies, with high TEER in FBS culture.
IQGAP1
IQGAP1 (IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1), also called p195 or SAR1, is a ubiquitous 190-kDa human scaffold protein at 15q26.1 that stabilizes Cdc42 and Rac1, integrates calmodulin and actin signaling, and acts as an oncogene in breast, gastric, and lung cancers.
Iridophore
Iridophore (also iridocyte): a neural crest-derived pigment cell of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and cephalopods that reflects light from stacked guanine crystal platelets, producing structural, often iridescent color and physiological color change.
Ishikawa
Ishikawa, or Ishikawa cells, is a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line established by Masato Nishida in 1980 and widely used as a model of type I endometrial cancer.
Isolated complex I deficiency
Isolated complex I deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism, the most common biochemical defect in mitochondrial disease, usually presenting in early childhood with severe, often fatal symptoms.
Isolated complex III deficiency
Isolated complex III deficiency is a rare genetic mitochondrial disorder reducing respiratory chain complex III activity alone, causing symptoms from myopathy to severe multisystem disease.
Isolated cytochrome C oxidase deficiency
Isolated cytochrome C oxidase deficiency (ORPHA:254905), also called isolated COX or complex IV deficiency, is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder causing myopathy, cardiomyopathy, Leigh syndrome, and lactic acidosis, inherited autosomal recessively or maternally.
J-111
J-111 (CVCL_2965, JCRB0073) is a human cell line established in 1955 as acute monocytic leukemia but shown to be a HeLa derivative (ICLAC-00009, HPV18-positive); it was flown on the ISS to study microgravity effects on monocyte motility.
J82
J82 (CVCL_0359, ATCC HTB-1) is a human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line from a 58-year-old Swedish male donor, TP53/PTEN/RB1-mutant, with a documented historical T24 cross-contamination issue.
JEG-3
JEG-3 (CVCL_0363, ATCC HTB-36) is a human gestational choriocarcinoma cell line isolated by Kohler and Bridson in 1971, a BeWo subclone expressing hCG and progesterone, widely used as a placental trophoblast model.
Jenny E. Hinshaw
Jenny E. Hinshaw is an American cell and structural biologist at NIH who studies dynamin superfamily proteins by electron microscopy and leads NIDDK's Laboratory of Molecular Biology.
JK-1
JK-1 (CVCL_2079, DSMZ ACC 347) is a human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line established in 1987 from a shoulder-tumor biopsy in erythroid blast crisis; BCR-ABL1 b2a2-positive, it spontaneously differentiates to hemoglobin-producing red cells.
JNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein
JKAMP (JAMP), JNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein, UniProt Q9P055, is a seven-transmembrane scaffold that prolongs stress-activated JNK1 signaling by blocking MKP5 and recruits proteasomes to the ER for ERAD.
John Sedat
John W. Sedat is Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics at UCSF, a 2009 National Academy of Sciences member known for research on 3D chromosome structure.
Jurkat
Jurkat (CVCL_0065) is an immortalized human T-lymphocyte leukemia cell line from a 14-year-old boy with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the standard model for TCR signaling, HIV studies, and CAR-T testing, with known PTEN, MSH2, and MSH6 defects.
Kaptin
Kaptin (KPTN, 2E4, KICS4) is a human actin-binding protein on chromosome 19q13.32 that caps actin filament barbed ends via Arg59 and, as a KICSTOR complex component, regulates mTORC1; biallelic mutations cause intellectual disability, macrocephaly, and seizures.
Karpas-231
Karpas-231 (KARPAS-231, CVCL_1822) is a human B-cell leukemia cell line from a 71-year-old woman, classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with POU2AF1-BCL6 fusion and MYC/BCL2 double-hit rearrangements.
Karpas-422
Karpas-422 (K422, RRID:CVCL_1325) is a human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB) cell line from a 73-year-old woman's pleural effusion, carrying t(14;18) and t(4;11) translocations, TP53 and EZH2 mutations, and chemotherapy resistance used in drug validation.
Karpas-620
Karpas-620 (K620, CVCL_1823) is a human plasma cell leukemia cell line established in 1987 from a 77-year-old woman, IgG kappa-secreting, cyclin D1-expressing via der(8)t(8;11), with KRAS and TP53 mutations, used in myeloma drug screening.
KASH domain
The KASH domain, also called the KLS domain, is a protein domain of about 60 amino acids that targets proteins to the outer nuclear membrane of eukaryotic cells.
Katanin
Katanin (p60/p80, KATNA1/KATNB1) is an ATP-dependent microtubule-severing AAA+ ATPase heterodimer purified from sea urchin eggs in 1993, named after the Japanese word for sword, acting in spindle assembly, neurodevelopment, and plant phototropism.
KATO III
KATO III (KATO-III, JTC-28, CVCL_0371) is a human gastric signet ring cell carcinoma cell line from a 55-year-old male's pleural effusion, FGFR2/K-sam amplified, TP53 deleted, hypotetraploid, and widely used in gastric cancer drug research.
Kazuhiko Kinosita
Kazuhiko Kinosita (木下 一彦) is a Japanese biophysicist and Waseda University professor whose 1997 Nature paper showed that a single F1-ATPase molecule is a rotary motor.
KD [Human lip fibroblast]
KD [Human lip fibroblast], synonym Karen Day, CVCL_2970/JCRB9103, a finite human lip fibroblast cell line from a 31-year-old female donor, used in DNA repair, transformation, and cleft lip research.