1,440 articles
MKN1
MKN1 (MKN-1, CVCL_1415) is a human gastric adenosquamous carcinoma cell line established in 1977 from a lymph node metastasis of a 72-year-old Japanese man, carrying a TP53 Val143Ala mutation, E-cadherin promoter hypermethylation, and MSS status.
MKN28
MKN28 (MKN-28, CVCL_1416) is a human gastric tubular adenocarcinoma cell line from a Japanese male's liver metastasis, used as a well-differentiated, EGFR-high, MSS gastric cancer model, but shown to be an MKN74 derivative and listed by ICLAC as misidentified.
MKN45
MKN45 (MKN-45, CVCL_0434) is a human diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma cell line from a liver metastasis in a 62-year-old Japanese woman, MET-amplified, microsatellite stable, adherent, and widely used in gastric cancer research.
MKN74
MKN74 (MKN-74, CVCL_2791) is a human gastric tubular adenocarcinoma cell line from a liver metastasis in a 37-year-old Japanese male, intestinal-type, wild-type or mutant p53 reports, doubling time about 44 hours.
MM200
MM200 (CVCL_C836) is a human primary melanoma cell line from a 43-year-old female skin donor, carrying BRAF V600E and PTEN mutations, wild-type p53, and used widely in melanoma apoptosis, drug resistance, and immunotherapy research.
MNNG/HOS Cl #5
MNNG/HOS Cl #5 (CVCL_0439, ATCC CRL-1547), also called MNNG-HOS or HOS-MNNG, is a human osteosarcoma cell line made by MNNG chemical transformation of HOS-TE85; where the MET oncogene was first identified.
Model organism
Model organism: a species like C. elegans, Drosophila, yeast, or mouse chosen for lab study of shared biology; Brenner adopted the worm in 1963, and fly genetics began with Castle in 1900.
Molecular motor
Molecular motor (motor protein): ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme converting chemical energy to motion. Main classes are kinesin (plus-end microtubule), dynein (minus-end), and myosin (actin); processive stepping, 8-nm kinesin steps, dynein-dynactin regulation.
MOLM-13
MOLM-13 (CVCL_2119, RRID:CVCL_2119) is a human acute myeloid leukemia cell line from a 20-year-old man's peripheral blood, carrying KMT2A-MLLT3 (MLL-AF9) fusion and heterozygous FLT3-ITD; a standard model for FLT3 inhibitor and drug-resistance research, distinct from its same-patient sibling MOLM-14.
MOLT-3
MOLT-3 (Molt 3, CVCL_0624) is a human T lymphoblast leukemia cell line established in 1971 from a 19-year-old male ALL patient in relapse; sister line of MOLT-4, suspension-growing, hypertetraploid, CD5/CD7 positive, DSMZ ACC 84 and ATCC CRL-1552.
Mono-Mac-6
Mono-Mac-6 (MM6, CVCL_1426) is a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (AML FAB M5, t(9;11), MLL-AF9) from a 64-year-old man, used as a mature monocyte model in cytokine, pyrogen (MAT), and drug studies.
Motility assay
A motility assay is a laboratory method in cell biology that measures the movement of cells or organisms, quantifying migration, chemotaxis toward a chemoattractant, and invasion through extracellular matrix.
Motor-mediated vesicle transport
Motor-mediated vesicle transport is the active movement of vesicles and organelles along cytoskeletal tracks by motor proteins, with kinesin and dynein on microtubules and myosin on actin.
MRC-5
MRC-5 is a human diploid cell line of lung fibroblasts derived in 1966, used as a substrate for producing viral vaccines and for isolating viruses from clinical specimens.
MRNA display
MRNA display (in vitro virus display) is a cell-free directed-evolution method covalently linking puromycin-captured proteins to their encoding mRNA, enabling 10^12–10^15-variant libraries for macrocyclic peptide drug discovery.
mRNA transfection
mRNA transfection is the delivery of synthetic messenger RNA into cultured cells so their ribosomes translate it into protein, giving fast, tunable, transient expression without genomic integration.
Mss4
Mss4 (RABIF, mammalian suppressor of Sec4), with yeast ortholog Dss4, is a 17 kDa zinc-binding protein binding exocytic Rabs Rab1, Rab3, Rab8, Rab10; a weak GEF now established as a Rab-stabilizing holdase chaperone required for GLUT4 exocytosis, distinct from yeast PIP5-kinase MSS4.
MT-2
MT-2 (CVCL_2631, also MT2, MT-2J) is a human T-cell line established in 1981 from male infant cord leukocytes co-cultured with adult T-cell leukemia cells; it produces HTLV-1 and serves as a standard donor line in HTLV-1 and HIV-1 research.
MT-4
MT-4 is a human T-cell line from an HTLV-1-infected Japanese man with adult T-cell leukemia that expresses HTLV-1 Tax and supports rapid HIV-1 replication, widely used in HIV-1 research and drug screening.
Mucolipin
Mucolipin (TRPML/MCOLN), a TRP ion channel subfamily of three endolysosomal Ca2+-permeable cation channels (TRPML1-3); TRPML1 mutations cause mucolipidosis type IV, TRPML2 is immune-cell specific.
Mucous neck cell of gastric gland
Mucous neck cell (MUC6, Gkn3, Tff2-expressing) of the gastric corpus gland neck; long-lived secretory cell that migrates basally and transdifferentiates without division into pepsinogen-secreting chief cells.
Mueller cell
Mueller cells (Müller glia) are the principal radial glia of the vertebrate retina, spanning its full thickness; discovered by Heinrich Müller in 1851, they buffer potassium, recycle glutamate, guide light, and hold latent regenerative potential.
Multi fate stem cell
Multi fate stem cell (CL:0000048), also called multipotent stem cell, is a Cell Ontology term for a stem cell giving rise to multiple cell lineages, exemplified by hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and neural stem cells.
Multinuclear osteoclast
Multinuclear osteoclast, or multinucleated osteoclast: a bone-resorbing giant cell formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors under M-CSF and RANKL, requiring DC-STAMP and OC-STAMP, with resorptive efficiency rising with nuclearity.
Multinucleate cell
Multinucleate cell (syncytium, coenocyte): one cell with multiple nuclei in shared cytoplasm, formed by nuclear division without cytokinesis or by cell fusion; examples include myofibers, osteoclasts, and the placental syncytiotrophoblast.
Multinucleated giant cell
Multinucleated giant cell (MGC, polykaryon): fused macrophage-lineage cell with three subtypes, osteoclasts, foreign body giant cells, and Langhans giant cells, distinguished by nuclear arrangement, inducing cytokines, and markers.
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (multiplex FISH) is a microscopy method that uses fluorescent probes to detect hundreds of RNA or DNA targets in fixed cells and tissue.
Multipolar neuron
Multipolar neuron: a neuron with one axon and two or more dendrites; Cajal's third structural type, the most common CNS neuron, including pyramidal, Purkinje, and motor neurons.
Mural cell
A mural cell is a contractile cell that wraps the outside of blood vessels, a collective term covering vascular smooth muscle cells on larger vessels and pericytes on microvessels.
Muscle cell
A muscle cell, or myocyte, is a cell specialized for contraction using an actin and myosin apparatus. Mammals have skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and myoepithelial types.