1,440 articles
Biological membrane
Biological membrane: the lipid bilayer, about 5 nm thick, with embedded proteins described by the 1972 Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model; updated to include domains, rafts, and asymmetry.
Bivalent (genetics)
Bivalent (genetics): also called a tetrad, the four-chromatid unit of paired homologous chromosomes formed in prophase I of meiosis, held by the synaptonemal complex, requiring at least one crossover for proper segregation.
BJAB
BJAB (BJA-B, CVCL_5711) is an EBV-negative human B-cell lymphoma cell line established in 1975 from a Kenyan 5-year-old girl's Burkitt's lymphoma; the first EBV-negative line of this origin, widely used as an EBV-negative control and infection host.
BL-2
BL-2 (BL2, IARC-BL2, CVCL_1966, DSMZ ACC 625) is an EBV-negative human Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line established in 1979 at IARC Lyon from the bone marrow of a 7-year-old boy, carrying a MYC-IGL fusion; distinct from the BL2 B-cell surface antigen.
BL-60
BL-60 (IARC/BL60, CVCL_7034, DSMZ ACC 953) is a human EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line established in 1984 from a 4-year-old Algerian girl's jaw biopsy, carrying a t(8;22) MYC-IGL fusion and TP53 p.Arg282Trp.
Bladder cell
Bladder cell: the cell types of the urinary bladder wall, chiefly urothelial basal, intermediate, and umbrella cells, plus fibroblasts, smooth muscle, immune, endothelial, and neural cells mapped by single-cell RNA sequencing.
Bodo Stern
Bodo Stern is a German-trained cell biologist and Chief of Strategic Initiatives at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, known for yeast spindle checkpoint research and open-access publishing reform.
Bone marrow cell
Bone marrow cell (Cell Ontology CL:0002092) is any cell found in the bone marrow: fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells, including niche stromal cells supporting blood formation.
BPH-1
BPH-1 (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-1, CVCL_1091) is an SV40 large T antigen-immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line from a 68-year-old BPH patient; non-tumorigenic, AR/PSA negative, aneuploid modal 76.
Brain microvascular endothelial cell
Brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC), the endothelial cell lining brain capillaries and forming the blood–brain barrier; tight junctions, efflux transporters, immunoregulatory sentinel functions, and single-cell atlas heterogeneity distinguish it.
Brainbow
Brainbow is a genetic labeling technique, reported by Jean Livet and colleagues at Harvard in 2007, that uses Cre-lox recombination to give neighboring neurons different fluorescent colors, allowing their axons to be traced individually.
BrdU incorporation assay
The BrdU incorporation assay measures cell proliferation by detecting the thymidine analog BrdU incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during S phase, read out by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, or ELISA.
Bronchial epithelial cell
Bronchial epithelial cell: any of the cell types (ciliated, club, goblet, basal, suprabasal, ionocyte) lining the bronchi; forms the mucociliary barrier and innate immune defense, deranged in asthma, COPD, and IPF.
Brown adipocyte
Brown adipocyte: thermogenic fat cell of brown adipose tissue (BAT), also called brown fat; burns glucose and fatty acids via UCP1-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling to produce heat, distinct from beige and white adipocytes.
BS-C-1
BS-C-1 (BSC-1, BSC1, CVCL_0607, ATCC CCL-26) is an African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line established in 1961 by Hopps et al., used for virus detection, SV40 work, and transfection; species later corrected to Chlorocebus pygerythrus.
BT-20
BT-20 (CVCL_0178, ATCC HTB-19) is the first human breast cancer cell line, established in 1958 by Lasfargues and Ozzello from a 74-year-old patient; a triple-negative, basal-like TNBC line used in xenograft and spheroid models.
BT-474
BT-474 (ATCC HTB-20, CVCL_0179) is a human breast cancer cell line from a 1978 invasive ductal carcinoma, triple positive for ER, PR, and HER2; used for trastuzumab research, with resistant derivatives like Clone 5.
BT-549
BT-549 (HTB-122, CVCL_1092), also BT549, is a human triple-negative, claudin-low breast cancer cell line isolated in 1978 from a 72-year-old woman's invasive ductal carcinoma; TP53-mutant, PTEN-deleted, drug-resistant, stemness-high research model.
BxPC-3
BxPC-3 (Biopsy xenograft of Pancreatic Carcinoma line-3; CVCL_0186, ATCC CRL-1687) is a human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line established in 1980 from a 61-year-old woman, notable for wild-type KRAS with CDKN2A and SMAD4 deletions and TP53 Y220C.
BY-2
BY-2 (TBY-2, NT-1) is a Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2 suspension cell line derived around 1968 at Japan Tobacco & Salt; fast-growing, aphidicolin-synchronizable, the standard plant cell model and molecular farming platform.
C-33 A
C-33 A (C33A, CVCL_1094, ATCC HTB-31) is an HPV-negative human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line established in 1964, carrying a TP53 Arg273Cys mutation, MSI-high, used widely in cervical cancer drug, metastasis, and omics research.
C-643
C-643 (C643, CVCL_5969) is a human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line from a 76-year-old male, established by Nils-Erik Heldin's Uppsala laboratory; HRAS G13R, TP53 R248Q, TERT promoter mutant, BRAF wild type, doubling time 23 hours.
C2 [Dog mastocytoma]
C2 [Dog mastocytoma], also C2-S (CVCL_1R44), is a female dog cancer cell line from a spontaneous canine mastocytoma, KIT exon 11 48-bp ITD, TP53 and CCND3 mutations, toceranib-sensitive, part of the FACC canine tumor cell line panel.
C2BBe1
C2BBe1 (Caco-2/BBe 1) is a 1988 clone of the Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma cell line forming a polarized brush-border monolayer, used in drug transport, toxicology, and intestine-on-chip models (ATCC CRL-2102).
C2C12
C2C12 (CVCL_0188) is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line subcloned from the 1977 C2 line of Yaffe and Saxel; it differentiates into contractile myotubes within 72 hours of serum withdrawal and is a standard model for myogenesis, insulin resistance, and muscle disease modeling.
C3H/An
C3H/An (C3H Andervont) is an inbred substrain of the C3H laboratory mouse, descended from Strong's 1920 Bagg albino × DBA cross; known for high female mammary tumor incidence, moderate hepatoma rates, and as the source of L-cell, A9, and McCoy cell lines.
C57BL/6N
C57BL/6N (B6N) is an NIH-derived inbred substrain of the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse, established in 1951, used by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium; it differs genetically and phenotypically from C57BL/6J, notably in Nnt, glucose tolerance, and behavior.
C6/36
C6/36 (ATCC CRL-1660) is a cloned Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line from larval cells, Dicer-2/RNAi deficient, grown at 28 degrees C, and widely used to isolate and propagate dengue, chikungunya, and other arboviruses.
CA1 pyramidal cell
CA1 pyramidal cell: principal projection neuron of hippocampal field CA1 (cornu ammonis 1), receiving Schaffer collateral and entorhinal inputs, providing the hippocampus's major output, acting as place cells, and showing strong dendritic and developmental heterogeneity.
Ca2+ activated K+ channels
Ca2+ activated K+ channels (KCa channels; SK, IK, BK subfamilies) are potassium channels opened by intracellular calcium, hyperpolarizing the membrane to limit Ca2+ influx; apamin blocks SK, charybdotoxin blocks IK.